Krediti indeksirani švajcarskim francima i investiciona arbitraža - slučaj republike Srbije

Abstract

U radu se razmatra regulativa koju država uvodi u cilju zaštite korisnika ugovora o kreditu indeksiranih švajcarskim francima u kontekstu pravne zaštite banaka na osnovu bilateralnih investicionih sporazuma. Prvo se razmatraju slučajevi Hrvatske i Crne Gore jer te države imaju slične propise u pogledu ugovaranja valutne klauzule i zaštite stranih ulaganja, kao što ima Srbija. Zatim se posebno razmatra slučaj Srbije, a pre svega Pravno shvatanje VKS i lex specialis iz aprila 2019. godine, kako bi se došlo do zaključka da li te mere narušavaju pravne garancije koje su date bankama na osnovu bilateralnih investicionih sporazuma i da li bi mogle da dovedu do pokretanja arbitražnih postupaka protiv države, kao što je nedavno učinjeno u Hrvatskoj i Crnoj Gori.

This paper considers the regulation introduced by the Serbian state in order to protect the consumers of the CHF loans in the context of the legal protection of the banks' investments provided by bilateral investment treaties (BIT). The first part of the paper deals with the cases of Croatia and Montenegro because these countries have similar regulation in comparison with Serbia regarding the contracting of the foreign currency clause and the protection of foreign investments. In the third part, the Legal opinion of the Serbian Supreme Court and the lex specialis as of April 2019 are particularly considered to determine whether these measures violate the legal guarantees given to banks and could that lead to the initiation of arbitration proceedings against the state, as recently done in Croatia and Montenegro.