O kvalitetu novijih građanskopravnih propisa u Srbiji

Abstract

U radu se analizira sistemska usaglašenost pojedinih odredaba novijih građanskopravnih propisa u Srbiji sa načelima građanskog prava, pogotovo u onim delovima građanskog prava koji nisu uređeni jedinstvenom kodifikacijom, konkretno u stvarnom pravu. Cilj analize jeste utvrđivanje sistemske usklađenosti različitih propisa kojima je uređena jedna grana građanskog prava, primenom prevashodno egzegetičkog metoda. Izvršena analiza nekoliko odredaba pokazuje znatan stepen njihove neusaglašenosti sa nekim od temeljnih načela u građanskom, najvećma stvarnom pravu, uz zaključak da takvo stanje propisa nužno vodi i problemima u praktičnoj primeni prava. Kao trajno rešenje predviđa se kodifikacija stvarnog prava u jedinstvenom propisu, a u međuvremenu formiranje tela koje bi imalo zadatak da u zakonodavnom postupku utvrđuje postojanje sistemske usaglašenosti zakonskih nacrta s celinom sistema građanskog prava.

As Serbia does not have a civil law codification, one of the specific challenges in adoption of civil law legislation, especially in parts of civil law which are not regulated by specific codifications, is to preserve a systemic approach to civil law legislation. A systemic approach stands for insistence on all civil law legislation being mutually and internally compliant and, other than in absolutely necessary, no exemptions from certain general rules and principles determined in the civil law doctrine. Such an approach is a typical feature of the continental European legal circle and has numerous advantages which come down to a high level of legal certainty. Analysis of certain provisions of the Law on Registered Pledges on Movable Assets (provisions on excerpts from the Pledges Registry as an executive document), Law on Mortgage (provisions on the right of the creditor to sell the mortgaged asset out of court in his/her own right), Law on Real Estate Transaction (provisions on prohibition of verification of a contract on real estate transaction if the same assigner has already concluded such a contract) and Law on State Survey and Cadastre (provisions on what is entered into the registry as immovables, i.e. what an immovable asset is), clearly shows that a systemic approach in civil law regulation, and more concretely property law, was completely neglected in newer civil law legislation and, further on, that such a neglect is one of the reasons for problems in practical implementation of legislation. Emphasising that the best way to overcome this problem is a codification, primarily for the nowadays not codified property law, this work suggests the establishment of an expert body which would, until the codification is adopted, have a task to monitor legislative procedure and ensure the systemic compliance of drafts of different civil law legislation.