Ovlašćenja Narodne banke Srbije kod stečaja društava osiguranja

Abstract

Budući zadužena za vršenja nadzornih ovlašćenja na tržištu osiguranja, Narodna banka Srbije ima na raspolaganju niz mera kojima treba da osigura zaštitu interesa osiguranika i uopšte korisnika usluga osiguranja, kao i obavljanje delatnosti osiguranja u skladu sa pravilima o upravljanju rizikom i pravilima struke osiguranja. Članak analizira ovlašćenja Narodne banke Srbije u vezi sa pokretanjem postupka stečaja nad društvima osiguranja kao subjektima nadzora. Kako Narodna banka Srbije prethodno donosi rešenje o oduzimanju dozvole za rad društvu osiguranja, prvi deo rada bavi se utvrđivanjem uslova koji opravdavaju izricanje ove - po posledicama po društvo i njegove osiguranike - najteže mere. Ovlašćenja Narodne banke Srbije kod stečaja društva osiguranja su krupna, nezaobilazna, a prethodno-procesna po prirodi i svrsi - njihovo aktiviranje je pre otpočinjanja merodavnog sudskog postupka pred nadležnim sudom. Analizirana su dva rešenja centralne banke koja se donose u upravnom postupku, u sklopu njene kontrole poslovanja društava osiguranja, a po ispunjenju zakonskih uslova: 1) rešenje o oduzimanju dozvole za rad društvu; 2) rešenje o ispunjenju uslova za pokretanje stečajnog postupka. Autori iznose argumente u prilog tome da stečajni postupak nema prirodu izvršnog postupka u pogledu predmetnih rešenja centralne banke. Rešenje o ispunjenosti uslova za pokretanje stečajnog postupka nije izvršna isprava. Autori posvećuju posebnu pažnju pravu društva osiguranja kojem je oduzeta dozvola za rad da zahteva od Upravnog suda odlaganje izvršenja dotičnog rešenja, do pravnosnažnog okončanja u međuvremenu pokrenutog upravnog spora po njegovoj tužbi. Najzad, autori se bave i vanrednim pravnim lekom - zahtevom za preispitivanje pravnosnažne presude Upravnog suda pred Vrhovnim kasacionim sudom.

Being responsible for the exercise of supervisory authority in the insurance market, the National Bank of Serbia has at its disposal a number of measures that should ensure the protection of the interest of policyholders and beneficiaries in insurance, as well as carrying out the insurance in accordance with the rules on risk management and with insurance professional standards. The paper analysis the powers of the National Bank of Serbia in connection with the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings against the insurance companies as subject of control. As the National Bank of Serbia firstly revokes the license to work of insurance company, the firs part of the paper deals with the establishment of conditions that justify the imposition of this - according to consequences for the company and its policyholders - most difficult of all measures. Authorities of the National Bank of Serbia with the bankruptcy of insurance companies are large, unavoidable - and pre-procedural in nature and purpose. Their activation is applicable prior to the commencement of the court trial. Two decisions of the central bank brought in administrative proceeding, within its supervision of the insurance business and the fulfillment of legal requirements, are analyzed: 1) decision to revoke the license to work and 2) decision on fulfillment of conditions for opening bankruptcy procedure. The authors argue that the bankruptcy process does not have the nature of enforcement proceeding in respect of the underlying decisions of central bank. The decision on fulfillment of conditions for initiation of bankruptcy proceeding is not enforceable document. The authors pay special attention to the right of insurance companies which licence is rekoved to require the Administrative Court delay of execution of the respective decision until the final conclusion of administrative dispute. Finally, the authors deal with the extraordinary remedy - a request for reconsideration of a final judgment of administrative court - before the Supreme Court of Cassation.