Razumevanje krivične odgovornosti i kažnjivosti u srpskom zakonodavstvu i teoriji

Abstract

Poslednjih godina, u srpskoj nauci krivičnog prava pitanje odnosa krivice i krivične odgovornosti bilo je od značaja za drugačije definisanje krivičnog dela, prema Krivičnom zakoniku od 2005. godine. Kako je promenjen pojam krivice, pojam krivične odgovornosti, bar u obliku u kojem je do tada upotrebljavan u literaturi i zakonodavstvu, pokazao se kao suvišan. Kako se međutim u svakodnevnom govoru i dalje sreće sintagma krivične odgovornosti, otvara se pitanje njenog razumevanja unutar aktuelnog sistema krivičnog prava. Jedno od mogućih značenja krivične odgovornosti može se odnositi na samu primenu krivičnih sankcija, pre svih kazne. To otvara pitanje pojma kažnjivosti, naročito u kontekstu instituta oslobođenja od kazne i pojedinih osnova izvinjenja koji se sreću u stranom zakonodavstvu. Autor razmatra pojmove krivične odgovornosti i kažnjivosti, polazeći od aktuelnih teorijskih stanovišta i zakonodavnih rešenja.

In recent years, in the doctrine of Serbian criminal law, the question of the relation of guilt and criminal responsibility was of significance for the different definition of the criminal offense, introduced by the Criminal Code in 2005. As the concept of guilt has been changed, the notion of criminal responsibility, at least in the form in which it had previously been used in the literature and legislation, proved to be unnecessary. However, as the phrase of criminal responsibility was still in use in everyday discourse, the question of its understanding, within the current criminal justice system, has arisen. One of the possible meanings of criminal responsibility may apply on the application of criminal sanctions, especially penalties. This opens the question of the liability to punishment, particularly in the context of the institute of exemption of punishment and certain excusatory defences encountered in international legislation. The author discusses the concepts of criminal responsibility and liability to punishment, based on current theoretical views and legislative solutions.