Sudska kontrola rada izvršitelja

Abstract

Prošlo je više od tri godine kako su prvi (privatni) izvršitelji počeli s radom. Nova pravosudna profesija preuzela je značajan deo nadležnosti u oblasti izvršenja i obezbeđenja, pa se kontrola zakonitosti i pravilnosti njihovog rada nameće kao pitanje prvorazrednog značaja. Zakon o izvršenju i obezbeđenju je predvideo tri nivoa kontrole izvršitelja. Njihov rad nadzire Ministarstvo pravde, jer im ono i poverava javna ovlašćenja u oblasti izvršenja i obezbeđenja. Značajne kontrolne mehanizme ima i Komora izvršitelja kao esnafsko udruženje koje zastupa interese svojih članova. Iz ugla stranaka i drugih učesnika izvršnog postupka najvažnije je pitanje sudske kontrole njihovog rada, jer samo sudska kontrola, pod uslovom da je delotvorna i efikasna može dovesti do obesnaživanja nezakonitih i nepravilnih odluka i radnji izvršitelja. U tekstu se analiziraju domašaji i efekti sudske kontrole izvršitelja, ukazuje na postojeće probleme i predlažu mere za njihovo prevazilaženje.

The main focus of this paper is the supervision of enforcement agents conducted by enforcement courts. Law on Enforcement and Security recognizes three levels of control of enforcement agents. Certain monitoring powers are delegated to the Ministry of Justice and to Chamber of Enforcement Agents. However, for parties and other participants to enforcement proceedings control of enforcement agents implemented by enforcement courts seems to be the most important one. The strongest powers of enforcement agents are related to the special procedure for collection of claims for utilities and other similar services (exclusive competence of enforcement agents) and for carrying out the enforcement (if enforcement creditor has requested it). When it comes to special procedure for collection of claims for utilities and other similar services objection can be used in order to control legality of decisions rendered by enforcements agents. However, many procedural issues related to the objection procedure remain unsolved. Motion for correction of irregularities is the only legal remedy that can be used when enforcement is being carried out by enforcement agents. This legal remedy cannot be considered an effective one in the sense of Article 13 European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Liberties. The new proposed Law on Enforcement and Security expected to come into force on July 1, 2016, will delegate the exclusive competence for carrying out the enforcement to enforcement agents (except cases related to family relations and reinstatement), but it will not improve the court supervision of their work.