TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rakić, Ivana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://ralf.ius.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1887
AB  - The aim of this article is to provide a short overview of the 2023 US Draft Merger Guidelines and some interpretations of its impact on merger control practices. The US practice shows that merger control standards have been changed several times, in accordance with the need to increasingly consider economic efficiencies and the consequences of making wrong decisions, which could reduce innovation and other behaviours of undertakings that lead to an increase in economic efficiency and improve competition. Due to the fact that guidelines can influence how judges evaluate challenges to mergers, it remains to be seen how the final guidelines will enable the courts to understand and support the agencies views on antitrust enforcement.
T2  - Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu
T1  - A review of the 2023 US Draft Merger Guidelines
EP  - 797
IS  - 4
SP  - 787
VL  - 71
DO  - 10.51204/Anali_PFBU_23406A
UR  - conv_3447
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rakić, Ivana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The aim of this article is to provide a short overview of the 2023 US Draft Merger Guidelines and some interpretations of its impact on merger control practices. The US practice shows that merger control standards have been changed several times, in accordance with the need to increasingly consider economic efficiencies and the consequences of making wrong decisions, which could reduce innovation and other behaviours of undertakings that lead to an increase in economic efficiency and improve competition. Due to the fact that guidelines can influence how judges evaluate challenges to mergers, it remains to be seen how the final guidelines will enable the courts to understand and support the agencies views on antitrust enforcement.",
journal = "Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu",
title = "A review of the 2023 US Draft Merger Guidelines",
pages = "797-787",
number = "4",
volume = "71",
doi = "10.51204/Anali_PFBU_23406A",
url = "conv_3447"
}

Rakić, I.. (2023). A review of the 2023 US Draft Merger Guidelines. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 71(4), 787-797.
https://doi.org/10.51204/Anali_PFBU_23406A
conv_3447

Rakić I. A review of the 2023 US Draft Merger Guidelines. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu. 2023;71(4):787-797.
doi:10.51204/Anali_PFBU_23406A
conv_3447 .

Rakić, Ivana, "A review of the 2023 US Draft Merger Guidelines" in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 71, no. 4 (2023):787-797,
https://doi.org/10.51204/Anali_PFBU_23406A .,
conv_3447 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rakić, Ivana
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://ralf.ius.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1790
AB  - The aim of this article is to provide a short overview and analysis of some competition authorities responses to the COVID-19 emergency, by evaluating the state of play and, where relevant, making proposals for how competition law and its enforcement might develop worldwide. The article contributes to the existing international debate about the consequences of the current COVID-19 crisis on competition law. The analysis is limited to restrictive agreements, abuse of dominance and merger control. The undertakings must primarily be aware of that current crisis is not an excuse to breach competition laws and that competition laws continue to apply, with no general crisis exemption, nor during the COVID-19 crisis. The competition authorities are accommodating their practice in addressing restrictive agreements (cooperation between competitors in times of economic crisis), abuse of dominance (measures to protect against exploitative pricing), and merger control (procedural and substantive aspects of control).
T2  - Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu
T1  - Competition law in the age of COVID-19
EP  - 61
IS  - 2
SP  - 25
VL  - 68
DO  - 10.5937/AnaliPFB2002025R
UR  - conv_3350
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rakić, Ivana",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The aim of this article is to provide a short overview and analysis of some competition authorities responses to the COVID-19 emergency, by evaluating the state of play and, where relevant, making proposals for how competition law and its enforcement might develop worldwide. The article contributes to the existing international debate about the consequences of the current COVID-19 crisis on competition law. The analysis is limited to restrictive agreements, abuse of dominance and merger control. The undertakings must primarily be aware of that current crisis is not an excuse to breach competition laws and that competition laws continue to apply, with no general crisis exemption, nor during the COVID-19 crisis. The competition authorities are accommodating their practice in addressing restrictive agreements (cooperation between competitors in times of economic crisis), abuse of dominance (measures to protect against exploitative pricing), and merger control (procedural and substantive aspects of control).",
journal = "Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu",
title = "Competition law in the age of COVID-19",
pages = "61-25",
number = "2",
volume = "68",
doi = "10.5937/AnaliPFB2002025R",
url = "conv_3350"
}

Rakić, I.. (2020). Competition law in the age of COVID-19. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 68(2), 25-61.
https://doi.org/10.5937/AnaliPFB2002025R
conv_3350

Rakić I. Competition law in the age of COVID-19. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu. 2020;68(2):25-61.
doi:10.5937/AnaliPFB2002025R
conv_3350 .

Rakić, Ivana, "Competition law in the age of COVID-19" in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 68, no. 2 (2020):25-61,
https://doi.org/10.5937/AnaliPFB2002025R .,
conv_3350 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rakić, Ivana
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://ralf.ius.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1799
AB  - The aim of this article is to provide a short overview and analysis of the US Antitrust Law. Section 2 of the Sherman Act stipulates that it is unlawful to monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations. The article presents case law that reflects the evolution of monopolization standards and provides some interpretations of undertakings behavior that can be defined as monopolization. US practice shows that monopolization standards have changed several times, in accordance with the need to increasingly consider economic efficiencies and the consequences of making wrong decisions, which may lead to reduced innovation and other behaviors of undertakings that increase economic efficiency and improve competition, which is a type I error.
T2  - Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu
T1  - Monopolization standards in US competition law: Evolution and evaluation
EP  - 110
IS  - 4
SP  - 98
VL  - 68
DO  - 10.51204/Anali_PFUB_20405A
UR  - conv_3385
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rakić, Ivana",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The aim of this article is to provide a short overview and analysis of the US Antitrust Law. Section 2 of the Sherman Act stipulates that it is unlawful to monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations. The article presents case law that reflects the evolution of monopolization standards and provides some interpretations of undertakings behavior that can be defined as monopolization. US practice shows that monopolization standards have changed several times, in accordance with the need to increasingly consider economic efficiencies and the consequences of making wrong decisions, which may lead to reduced innovation and other behaviors of undertakings that increase economic efficiency and improve competition, which is a type I error.",
journal = "Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu",
title = "Monopolization standards in US competition law: Evolution and evaluation",
pages = "110-98",
number = "4",
volume = "68",
doi = "10.51204/Anali_PFUB_20405A",
url = "conv_3385"
}

Rakić, I.. (2020). Monopolization standards in US competition law: Evolution and evaluation. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 68(4), 98-110.
https://doi.org/10.51204/Anali_PFUB_20405A
conv_3385

Rakić I. Monopolization standards in US competition law: Evolution and evaluation. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu. 2020;68(4):98-110.
doi:10.51204/Anali_PFUB_20405A
conv_3385 .

Rakić, Ivana, "Monopolization standards in US competition law: Evolution and evaluation" in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 68, no. 4 (2020):98-110,
https://doi.org/10.51204/Anali_PFUB_20405A .,
conv_3385 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rakić, Ivana
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://ralf.ius.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1615
AB  - U radu se analizira odnos između programa oslobađanja od novčane kazne i umanjenja novčane kazne učesnicima u restriktivnim sporazumima koji prijave sporazum i odgovornosti tih učesnika za štetu nastalu zbog sprovođenja restriktivnog sporazuma. Autor ukazuje na to da rešenje prema kojem pokajnik odgovara za eventualnu štetu umanjuje podsticaje učesnicima na tržištu da prijave restritkivni sporazum, i time delotvornost pokajničkog programa. Istovremeno se u radu objašnjava da se oslobađanjem pokajnika od odgovornosti za štetu delimično uskraćuje zaštita oštećenim licima, s obzirom na to da se na taj način ograničava broj učesnika od kojih oštećena lica mogu da zahtevaju naknadu štete.
AB  - The article analyses the relationship between the leniency program in competition law and liability for damages for breach of competition rules and their interaction. The author points out that current rules on private actions for damages reduce incentives for cartel participants from applying for leniency, and therefore undermine leniency programmes. In addition, the author also explains that granting leniency recipients immunity from liability in follow-on actions for damages deprives partially the victims of competition law infringements of their subjective right to claim compensation for the harm caused to them.
T2  - Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu
T1  - Pokajnički program i odgovornost za štetu zbog povrede prava konkurencije
T1  - Leniency programme and liability for damage caused by competition law infringements
EP  - 260
IS  - 2
SP  - 244
VL  - 62
DO  - 10.5937/AnaliPFB1402244R
UR  - conv_3312_6
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rakić, Ivana",
year = "2014",
abstract = "U radu se analizira odnos između programa oslobađanja od novčane kazne i umanjenja novčane kazne učesnicima u restriktivnim sporazumima koji prijave sporazum i odgovornosti tih učesnika za štetu nastalu zbog sprovođenja restriktivnog sporazuma. Autor ukazuje na to da rešenje prema kojem pokajnik odgovara za eventualnu štetu umanjuje podsticaje učesnicima na tržištu da prijave restritkivni sporazum, i time delotvornost pokajničkog programa. Istovremeno se u radu objašnjava da se oslobađanjem pokajnika od odgovornosti za štetu delimično uskraćuje zaštita oštećenim licima, s obzirom na to da se na taj način ograničava broj učesnika od kojih oštećena lica mogu da zahtevaju naknadu štete., The article analyses the relationship between the leniency program in competition law and liability for damages for breach of competition rules and their interaction. The author points out that current rules on private actions for damages reduce incentives for cartel participants from applying for leniency, and therefore undermine leniency programmes. In addition, the author also explains that granting leniency recipients immunity from liability in follow-on actions for damages deprives partially the victims of competition law infringements of their subjective right to claim compensation for the harm caused to them.",
journal = "Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu",
title = "Pokajnički program i odgovornost za štetu zbog povrede prava konkurencije, Leniency programme and liability for damage caused by competition law infringements",
pages = "260-244",
number = "2",
volume = "62",
doi = "10.5937/AnaliPFB1402244R",
url = "conv_3312_6"
}

Rakić, I.. (2014). Pokajnički program i odgovornost za štetu zbog povrede prava konkurencije. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 62(2), 244-260.
https://doi.org/10.5937/AnaliPFB1402244R
conv_3312_6

Rakić I. Pokajnički program i odgovornost za štetu zbog povrede prava konkurencije. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu. 2014;62(2):244-260.
doi:10.5937/AnaliPFB1402244R
conv_3312_6 .

Rakić, Ivana, "Pokajnički program i odgovornost za štetu zbog povrede prava konkurencije" in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 62, no. 2 (2014):244-260,
https://doi.org/10.5937/AnaliPFB1402244R .,
conv_3312_6 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rakić, Ivana
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://ralf.ius.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1544
AB  - U radu se analizira primena testa pretpostavljenog monopoliste prilikom utvrđivanja relevantnog tržišta u slučajevima zloupotrebe dominatnog položaja. Primena testa u ovim slučajevima stvara određene probleme koji se odnose na tzv. zabludu u primeru celofana (cellophane fallacy), a zbog kojih relevantno tržište može biti preširoko određeno ukoliko test pokaže da je pretpostavljeno povećanje cena neprofitabilno. Tržišna moć učesnika na tržištu čije ponašanje se procenjuje u tim slučajevima može zbog toga biti potcenjena, s obzirom na to da se ona procenjuje na osnovu tržišnih udela određenih na tako definisanom relevantnom tržištu. Problem nastaje zbog toga što se u analizi polazi od postojećih cena koje su rezultat prethodnog iskorišćavanja tržišne moći učesnika na tržištu. Ukoliko su postojeće cene znatno više od cena koje bi odgovarale ravnotežnom nivou na tržištu savršene konkurencije, primenom testa će se obuhvatiti proizvodi koji zapravo ne pripadaju istom relevantnom tržištu pošto nisu bliski supstituti na nivou konkurentnih cena.
AB  - The paper deals with the way in which the notion of relevant market is understood when applying the hypothetical monopolist test, in abuse-of-dominance competition cases. This test raises concerns known as the Cellophane Fallacy, as it may lead to an overly broad definition of the relevant market and, consequently, to underestimation of market shares of different market players. The problem lies with the fact that prevailing market prices are not appropriate basis upon which to apply the hypothetical monopolist test, where there is a significant pre-existing market power. When the prevailing prices are already above the competitive level, the hypothetical monopolist test could likely lead to the inclusion of the products which do not belong to the same relevant market, as they are not close substitutes at competitive prices.
T2  - Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu
T1  - Utvrđivanje relevantnog tržišta - osvrt na zabludu iz slučaja cellophane
T1  - Relevant market definition and the cellophane fallacy
EP  - 430
IS  - 1
SP  - 416
VL  - 60
UR  - conv_3104
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rakić, Ivana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "U radu se analizira primena testa pretpostavljenog monopoliste prilikom utvrđivanja relevantnog tržišta u slučajevima zloupotrebe dominatnog položaja. Primena testa u ovim slučajevima stvara određene probleme koji se odnose na tzv. zabludu u primeru celofana (cellophane fallacy), a zbog kojih relevantno tržište može biti preširoko određeno ukoliko test pokaže da je pretpostavljeno povećanje cena neprofitabilno. Tržišna moć učesnika na tržištu čije ponašanje se procenjuje u tim slučajevima može zbog toga biti potcenjena, s obzirom na to da se ona procenjuje na osnovu tržišnih udela određenih na tako definisanom relevantnom tržištu. Problem nastaje zbog toga što se u analizi polazi od postojećih cena koje su rezultat prethodnog iskorišćavanja tržišne moći učesnika na tržištu. Ukoliko su postojeće cene znatno više od cena koje bi odgovarale ravnotežnom nivou na tržištu savršene konkurencije, primenom testa će se obuhvatiti proizvodi koji zapravo ne pripadaju istom relevantnom tržištu pošto nisu bliski supstituti na nivou konkurentnih cena., The paper deals with the way in which the notion of relevant market is understood when applying the hypothetical monopolist test, in abuse-of-dominance competition cases. This test raises concerns known as the Cellophane Fallacy, as it may lead to an overly broad definition of the relevant market and, consequently, to underestimation of market shares of different market players. The problem lies with the fact that prevailing market prices are not appropriate basis upon which to apply the hypothetical monopolist test, where there is a significant pre-existing market power. When the prevailing prices are already above the competitive level, the hypothetical monopolist test could likely lead to the inclusion of the products which do not belong to the same relevant market, as they are not close substitutes at competitive prices.",
journal = "Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu",
title = "Utvrđivanje relevantnog tržišta - osvrt na zabludu iz slučaja cellophane, Relevant market definition and the cellophane fallacy",
pages = "430-416",
number = "1",
volume = "60",
url = "conv_3104"
}

Rakić, I.. (2012). Utvrđivanje relevantnog tržišta - osvrt na zabludu iz slučaja cellophane. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 60(1), 416-430.
conv_3104

Rakić I. Utvrđivanje relevantnog tržišta - osvrt na zabludu iz slučaja cellophane. in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu. 2012;60(1):416-430.
conv_3104 .

Rakić, Ivana, "Utvrđivanje relevantnog tržišta - osvrt na zabludu iz slučaja cellophane" in Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, 60, no. 1 (2012):416-430,
conv_3104 .