Privilegije i imuniteti šefa države -slučaj Pinoče

Abstract

"Slučaj Pinoče" je, po mnogima, jedan od najznačajnijih vođenih procesa u međunarodnom pravu. Pored međunarodnopravnog faktora, slučaj je bio "obojen" i uticajima visoke međunarodne i domaće politike, aktivizmom nevladinih organizacija i drugih boraca za zaštitu ljudskih prava, kao i ličnim osobinama i biografijama nekih od sudija i drugih autoriteta u procesu. Pored problema nadležnosti britanskih sudova, centralno pitanje procesa predstavljalo je pitanje imuniteta generala Pinočea. U prilog tezi o značaju slučaja govori i činjenica da je tokom procesa vođen spor o "prevlasti" dve međunarodnopravne obaveze sa karakterom ius cogens obavezi o poštovanju imuniteta šefa države naspram obaveze o procesuiranju zločina mučenja. Upravo je zbog toga ovaj proces trebalo da predstavlja prekretnicu u međunarodnom pravu, u domenu procesuiranja zločina koje su visoki državi organi počinili prema svojim građanima.

According to many, the Pinochet case is one of the most important guiding processes in international law. Besides the international law factors, the case was "coloured" by the influence of high international and domestic politics, activism, NGOs and other fighters for human rights, as well as personal characteristics and biographies of some judges and other authorities in the process. In addition to the problem of the jurisdiction of the British courts, the central issue of the process was the question of General Pinochet's immunity. Anotherindication of the importance of the case is the dispute about the "supremacy" of two international legal obligations with the character of ius cogens during this process - the obligation to respect the immunity of the head of state in relation to the obligation to prosecute criminal acts of torture. This is why this process should represent a turning point in international law regarding the prosecution of criminal acts committed by senior state authorities towards their citizens.