Srbija i ekonomske implikacije vladavine prava

Abstract

Vladavina prava ima par excellence političku i pravnu prirodu, ali i značajne ekonomske implikacije zbog kojih je opravdano govoriti o ekonomskom konceptu vladavine prava. Vladavina prava je predmet ispitivanja ekonomske analize prava i institucionalne ekonomije, pri čemu se koriste različiti metodološki pristupi u analizi njene složene i višedimenzionalne prirode. U radu se daje pregled pitanja i problema koji se pojavljuju u teorijskom okviru povezivanja vladavine prava i ekonomskog rasta. Takođe, u radu se diskutuje kako različite ekonomske paradigme vladavine prava utiču na način izgradnje vladavine prava i na moguće implikacije tih shvatanja na ekonomsku efikasnost, transakcione troškove, preduzetništvo, specijalizaciju, investicije i ekonomski rast. Rad ukazuje na ekonomske posledice slabe vladavine prava u Srbiji i ispituje adekvatni teorijski okvir za istraživanje veze vladavine prava i indikatora ekonomskog uspeha u Srbiji. Nalazi domaćih i međunarodnih izveštaja o vladavini prava kontinuirano upućuju na problem slabe vladavine prava u Srbiji. Izveštaj Evropske komisije o napretku Srbije 2019, iako pohvaljuje napredak u određenim oblastima, još jedanput ističe slabost vladavine prava. Ovakav nalaz se odnosi na poglavlja 23 i 24, ali i na probleme uspostavljanja funkcionalne tržišne privrede, poslovnog okruženja i strukturne reforme. Ekonomske implikacije se manifestuju u investicijama nedovoljnim da pokriju višegodišnje podinvestiranje. Fiskalni savet RS, takođe, upućuje na problem vladavine prava koji je kao fundamentalni faktor doveo do zaostajanja privrednog rasta.

The rule of law is a concept of par excellence political and legal nature. However, in view of considerable economic implications of the rule of law, it is justifiable to single out the economic concept of the rule of law. The rule of law is subject matter of economic analysis of law and institutional economics which apply different methodological paradigms in analyzing its complex and multidimensional nature. The paper presents a survey of the issues and problems pertinent to the theoretical framework that correlates the rule of law and economic growth. The paper discusses how different economic paradigms understand rule of law, how it is developed, and the possible implications on economic efficiency, transaction costs, entrepreneurship, specialization, investments and economic growth. The paper points out to economic consequences of the weak rule of law in Serbia and deals with correlations between the rule of law and indicators of economic performance in Serbia. The findings of local and international reports continuously emphasize the problem of the weak rule of law in Serbia. Although the European Commission Progress Report on Serbia 2019 commanded Serbia's progress in some areas, it has underlined again the weak rule of law. This statement refers to Chapters 23 and 24 of the Accession Negations, as well as to the problem of establishing the functional market economy, business environment and structural reforms. Economic implications of the weak rule of law are reflected in insufficient investment which cannot cover the underinvestment trend observable for years. The Fiscal Council of the Republic of Serbia points out to the weak rule of law as a fundamental factor for insufficient economic growth rate.