Kolizija dužnosti kao osnov opravdanja u okolnostima pandemije

Abstract

Globalna kriza povodom pandemije virusa Covid-19 pokrenula je izvesna pitanja od značaja i za krivično pravo. Iz više zemalja stižu uznemirujuće vesti o smrti velikog broja ljudi usled nemogućnosti zdravstvenih radnika da im zbog nedostatka uređaja za mehaničku ventilaciju pluća pruže adekvatnu medicinsku pomoć. U tom smislu, postavlja se pitanje koji su uopšte kriterijumi prema kojima bi se odlučivalo o tome ko će biti priključen na ventilator i kako se može olakšati odlučivanje lekara u ovim tragičnim pitanjima života i smrti. U radu se razmatra institut tzv. kolizije dužnosti, koja u nekim pravnim sistemima predstavlja samostalan osnov isključenja protivpravnosti, a negde podvrstu krajnje nužde. U uporednom pravu se sreće više različitih kriterijuma prema kojima bi trebalo vršiti trijažu pacijenata u situacijama katastrofe. Autor zaključuje da donošenje odgovarajućih smernica može uspostaviti standard dužnog postupanja u katastrofama, koji bi sa lekara donekle skinuo teret odlučivanja.

The global crisis over the Covid-19 virus pandemic has raised some questions that are relevant to criminal law as well. Disturbing news are coming from several countries about the deaths of many people because of the inability of healthcare professionals to provide them with adequate medical care due to a lack of mechanical ventilation devices. In this regard, the question arises as to what are the criteria by which to decide who will be connected to the ventilator and how the decision-making of doctors in these tragic life and death issues can be facilitated. The paper deals with the institute of the so-called collision of duties, which in some legal systems constitutes an independent cause for the exclusion of unlawfulness and, in some cases, a type of necessity. In comparative law, a number of different criteria are met by which patients should be triaged in disaster situations. The author concludes that the adoption of appropriate guidelines can establish a standard of due diligence that would to some extent remove the burden of decision making from physicians.