Harmonizacija prekograničnih kretanja privrednih društava u pravu EU

Abstract

Autor se u radu bavi harmonizacijom prava EU u oblasti prekograničnih kretanja privrednih društava. Ukazuje na dosadašnje pravce harmonizacije prekograničnih postupaka i teškoće koje su nakon nekoliko decenija uspešno prevaziđene. Predstavljeni su različiti prekogranični postupci, koji su omogućeni nakon harmonizacije ove oblasti. To je, pre svega, unapređeni postupak prekograničnih statusnih promena, koji pored pripajanja i spajanja po prvi put definiše i uređuje prekogranične podele. Izuzetno važan doprinos novih pravila je i u uvođenju i regulisanju prekograničnih promena pravne forme - prekograničnih promena registrovanog sedišta društva uz izmenu merodavnog prava. Novim pravilima ne samo da je omogućeno nesmetano prekogranično kretanje, već su naročito uređeni efikasni postupci za njihovo preduzimanje. Izuzetna pažnja je u regulisanju posvećena zaštiti interesa više kategorija lica, naročito manjinskih akcionara i članova, poverilaca i zaposlenih. Najzad, razvijena je dvostepena kontrola postupka u kojoj postoje značajne mogućnosti borbe protiv zloupotrebe, izigravanja zakona, prevarnih ili kriminalnih radnji.

In this paper the author presents an overview of the EU legal framework for cross-border company's mobility. It gives a historic background to various obstacles related to cross-border mobility and puts it into the context of the European Court of Justice decisions on the various issues of right of establishment. EU Company Law Directive on Cross-border Mobility regulates cross-border conversions (resulting in the change of applicable law and at least registered seat of the company) and cross-border divisions for the first time. It also improves already existing regime for cross-border mergers. Directive on CrossBorder Mobility gives an opportunity for various internal market participants, including economically strong as well as smaller business forms to use advantages of predictable, efficient legal procedure to perform cross-border operations. It includes various harmonization instruments in order to protect interests of (minority) shareholders, creditors and employees. Double control, including issuance of the pre-merger certificate in the country of origin and control of the procedure in the destination country before cross-border procedure has been registered and becomes effective provides for optimal co-ordination of national authorities, and offers safe business environment for various market participants.