O ograničenoj i usmerenoj slobodi ugovaranja u ugovornom pravu osiguranja - fenomen "pokoravanja" ugovora o osiguranju

Abstract

Autorka analizira primenu principa slobode ugovaranja na primeru ugovora o osiguranju, posebno onih potrošačkih. Na osnovu pozitivnopravne i uporednopravne analize uočene su dve determinante zakonskog uređenja ugovorne materije osiguranja. Prva je ograničena sloboda ugovaranja, koju autorka smatra vrhovnim načelom ugovornog prava osiguranja. Autorka navodi brojne primere u prilog tvrdnje da u ugovornom pravu osiguranja postoje ograničenja u slobodi odlučivanja da li će se ugovor zaključiti, u slobodi izbora saugovarača i slobodi uređivanja ugovornog odnosa osiguranja. Druga determinanta ugovornog prava osiguranja jeste usmerena sloboda ugovaranja, koja se ostvaruje tehnikom poluimperativnih normi. Zahvaljujući polukogentnom metodu zakonodavac postiže višestruke pravnopolitičke ciljeve, od kojih su najbitniji obezbeđenje zaštite potrošača usluga osiguranja i omogućavanje ugovornim stranama da ugovor u određenoj meri prilagode svojim potrebama. Autorka zaključuje da i u modernim kodifikacijama dominira nova paradigma slobode ugovoranja i zalaže se da srpsko pravo usvoji isti zakonodavni metod prilikom usvajanja lex specialis propisa o ugovoru o osiguranju.

The purpose of this article is to highlight the principle of freedom of contracting in the field of insurance contract. Based on Serbian law as it currently stands as well as comparative legal analysis two features of legal regulation of insurance contract are addressed. The first one is called restricted freedom of contracting, which is in our opinion one of the principles of modern insurance contract law. The second mark of insurance contract law is directed freedom of contracting realized by the technics of semi-imperative provisions. Thanks to the semi-imperative method the legislator achieves multiple goals, and such an intervention is, in our opinion, reasonable and necessary due to the protection of the weaker party and creating stimulating regulatory frame to the contracting parties. To conclude with the author advocates the adaption of the new Law on insurance contracts in Serbia as possibly significant step forward in developing insurance law.