Hutmani srpskog srednjovekovnog prava

Abstract

Tema rada je ustanova hutmana u srpskom srednjovekovnom rudarskom pravu. Prvo pitanje na koje se daje odgovor jeste u kojoj meri je ona plod transplantacije saskih običaja u srpsko pravo. Drugi cilj rada je da se odrede ovlašćenja i dužnosti hutmana, kao i način njihovog izbora ili postavljenja. Kako rezultati pokazuju, Zakonik o rudnicima despota Stefana poznaje dva instituta hutmana. Prvi je pomoćni organ urbarara, koji sa njim meri zemlju i postavlja granice eksploatacionih polja prilikom dodeljivanja koncesije i prilikom proboja, za šta naplaćuje takse. Verovatno je da ga je postavljao carinik zakupac regalnih prava. Druga ustanova je nadzornik pojedinačnog rudnika, koji evidentira članove rudarskog ortačkog društva, prima njihove uplate troškova, verovatno vodi računa i o pravičnom, urednom i ugovorenom obavljanju ostalih poslova u rudniku, a angažuju ga ortaci. U radu su primenjeni jezičko, sistemsko i istorijsko tumačenje, uporedni metod i regresivna analiza.

The subject of the paper is the institute of hutman in Serbian medieval mining law. The first question to be answered is related to the extent of transplantation of the institute from Saxon customs to Serbian written law. The second aim is the definition of the competence of hutman and the way he was appointed. The results indicate the Despot Stefan's Mining Code recognized two different institutes of hutman. The first was auxiliary service to urbarar, measuring and marking the land in the procedure of granting mining concessions and after breaking one mine into another, charging a fee. He was probably appointed by tax collectors. The second one is the supervisor of a mine, entitled to collect the payment from the owners of its shares, to record it and presumably to take care of correct conducting all kind of activities in the mine. Most likely he was employed by the shareholders of the mine partnership. The linguistic, systemic, and historical interpretation is applied as well as the comparative method and regressive analysis.