O zastupanju u privatnom pravu

Abstract

Ugovor o nalogu (mandatum) nastao je u rimskom pravu. Na temelju tog ugovora uređeno je posredno zastupanje. Prve moderne građanske kodifikacije priznaju neposredno zastupanje na osnovu punomoćja, ali ga vezuju za ugovor o nalogu. Samostalna ustanova punomoćja nastaje u nemačkom pravu u drugoj polovini XIX veka pri čemu je najveću zaslugu u osamostaljivanju punomoćja od mandata imalo učenje Paula Labanda. U slučaju neposrednog zastupanja pravna dejstva preduzetih pravnih radnji neposredno nastupaju za zastupanog. S obzirom na to da prilikom preduzimanja pravne radnje zastupnik izjavljuje volju, postavlja se pitanje da li izjavljenu volju treba shvatiti kao volju zastupnika ili volju zastupanog. Savremena literatura je u neposrednom zastupanju pre sklona da vidi zamenu volje zastupanog voljom zastupnika. Takvo shvatanje prirode zastupanja u privatnom pravu ima zanimljivo poreklo koje seže u XIII vek.

Mandate contract was created in Roman law, thanks to which was regulated indirect representation. The first modern civil codes have acknowledged direct representation based on a power-of-attorney but linked it to a mandate contract. The power-of-attorney as an independent institute emerged in the late 19th century under German law, with Paul Laband's theory taking the biggest credit in the separation of the power-of-attorney from the mandate contract In the case of the direct representation, the legal effects of undertaken legal acts directly occur for the represented person. Considering that when undertaking a legal act, the representative declares the will, the question arises whether the declared will should be understood as the will of the representative or the will of the represented. Answering the question, contemporary legal writers tend to see the replacement of the will of the represented by the will of the representative. Such an understanding of the nature of representation in private law has an interesting origin that dates back to the 13th century.