Sudsko utvrđivanje činjenica u krivičnom postupku - uspostavljanje stvarnosti izvršenog dela

Abstract

U radu se obrađuje kompleksna problematika sudskog utvrđivanja činjenica u krivičnom postupku, koje se odnose na elemente zakonskog opisa krivičnog dela. Autor ukazuje na poteškoće s kojima se sudija suočava prilikom obavljanja ovog segmenta svog posla. Razmatrajući s teorijsko-pravnog gledišta kvalitet dokaznog materijala kojeg sudija ceni, kao i metodološke postupke koje primenjuje prilikom ove ocene, autor donosi odgovarajuće zaključke u pogledu istine kojoj se teži u krivičnom postupku. S tim u vezi, kako se činjenično stanje krivičnog dela, kako kaže autor, ne utvrđuje, već se uspostavlja, to se ni istina kojoj se teži u krivičnom postupku ne može nazvati materijalna. Autor je naziva forenzičkom istinom. Na kraju zaključuje da i ovakva istina može voditi pravednom odlučivanju, te je moramo proglasiti za merodavnu, jer se na polju procesne istine principijelno više od toga ne može postići.

This paper examines a complex system of judicial determination of facts in criminal proceedings, which relate to the elements of statutory definition of criminal offence. The author points out the difficulties a judge faces when performing this segment of his work. When examining, from a theoretical point of view, the quality of evidence to be evaluated by the judge, as well as methodological procedures to be undertaken during this evaluation, the author makes some conclusions as to the truth which is yearned-for in criminal proceedings. Namely, since the facts of a criminal offence are not ‘determined’ but rather ‘established’ by the court, as put forward by the author, the truth that is sought-for in the criminal proceedings cannot be qualified as the ‘material’ truth: the author rather names it the ‘forensic’ truth. The forensic truth may serve as the basis for just and impartial decision-making, and should be regarded as authoritative, since it actually is the maximum of truth that may be acquired before the courts.