Transpozicija stranih stvarnih prava na pokretnim stvarima prema nacrtu zakona o međunarodnom privatnom pravu

Abstract

U ovom radu autor analizira odredbe čl. 118 Nacrta Zakona o međunarodnom privatnom pravu (Nacrt ZMPP) kojima se uređuje transpozicija nepoznatih stvarnih prava stečenih u inostranstvu u pravni poredak Republike Srbije. U čl. 118, st. 1 i 2 Nacrta ZMPP sadržana su opšta pravila o transpoziciji stranih stvarnih prava, a u st. 3 i 4 posebna pravila koja se primenjuju na transpoziciju nepoznatih stvarnopravnih sredstava obezbeđenja potraživanja u domaću registrovanu zalogu. Autor je, najpre, izneo problem promene mesta nalaženja pokretne stvari na kojoj je stečeno stvarno pravo prema ranijem lex rei sitae i ukazao na potrebu primene transpozicije kao metode kojom se nepoznate stvarnopravne ustanove integrišu u aktuelni lex rei sitae. Zatim je pristupio analizi odredaba koje su predložene u Nacrtu ZMPP i, služeći se prvenstveno iskustvima iz strane literature i sudske prakse, kao i iz stranih zakonodavstava, pokušao da objasni kako bi ove odredbe trebalo tumačiti i primenjivati. Na kraju, autor se osvrnuo na tzv. teoriju prihvatanja (Hinnahmetheorie) koja se zalaže za adaptaciju (prilagođavanje) nepoznatih stvarnopravnih ustanova u aktuelnom lex rei sitae.

Transposition in Private International Law enables transformation of unknown foreign right in rem over movables imported in Serbia into the closest domestic equivalent. Having in mind that the Serbian Code of Private International Law from 1982 contained no provisions dedicated to this issue, it comes as no surprise that the case law of domestic courts has also remained silent on this topic. However, following comparative doctrinal and practical tendencies, working group of the Serbian Ministry of Justice, entrusted with drafting of the new Code of Private International Law, decided to include transposition of unknown rights in rem within the Art. 118 of the Draft. The focus of the present paper is on careful analysis of these provisions and potential implications and benefits of the transposition of foreign rights within the scope of the Serbian legal system. At the outset, the paper focuses on the problem of changing of the situs of movable property and how this impacts on the actual need of a legal system for transposition of unknown rights in rem acquired abroad. Followed by a detailed discussion of Art. 118 of the Draft Code of Private International Law, the paper turns to inspection of all the legislative nuances of the rules on transposition (general rules on transposition of unknown rights in rem contained in the first two paragraphs of the draft article, as well as special rules on transposition of unknown non-possessory security rights into Serbian registered non-possessory pledge from the last two paragraphs of Art. 118). In the final part of the paper, particular emphasis is given to analysis of a so called theory of acceptance (Hinnahmetheorie), its view on tolerable adaptation of unknown rights in rem in the new situs and how all of this reflects the application of the rules on transposition of rights.