Sprovođenje agrarne reforme u Kraljevini Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca na primeru velikog poseda stranog državljanina

Abstract

Jedno od najvažnijih pitanja u Kraljevini Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca predstavljalo je sprovođenje agrarne reforme. Agrarna reforma predstavljala je kompleksnu državnu meru koja je imala svoj socijalni, ekonomski i politički aspekt. Sprovođenje agrarne reforme na području Bačke i Banata imalo je određenu vezu sa spoljno-političkim odnosima Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca sa Mađarskom i Rumunijom. Jedan od elemenata koji su činili tu vezu bilo je potiranje stanovništva - veleposednika Mađara iz Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca u Mađarsku, odnosno Srba iz Mađarske u Kraljevinu SHS. Agrarnim propisima donesenim u toku sprovođenja agrarne reforme bilo je propisano da se veliki posed stranog državljanina, koji od završetka rata nije živeo u Kraljevini SHS, a zemljište je napustio ili izdao u zakup, mora eksproprisati u svrhu agrarne reforme bez obzira na površinu. Veleposednici Mađari-optanti razvili su u Mađarskoj živu kampanju protiv eksproprijacije i deobe njihovih poseda u procesu sprovođenja agrarne reforme u Kraljevini SHS pozivajući se na odredbe Trijanonskog ugovora o miru. Na osnovu podataka iz arhivske građe relevantnih arhivskih fondova Arhiva Vojvodine, u radu je izložen interesantan slučaj eksproprijacije velikog poseda na području Bačke koji je bio u svojini mađarskog državljanina.

The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, formed after the World War I, was predominantly an agrarian country. One of the most important issues in the state was the implementation of agrarian reform. It was a complex state measure with important social, economic and political impact. The implementation of the agrarian reform in the area of Bačka and Banat (located at the territory of northern Serbia, called Voivodina) was partially influenced by foreign policy relations between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes with neighboring countries - Hungary and Romania. A considerable factor of those relationship was a possibility for national minorities to opt for citizenship of one of these states. According to the agrarian laws passed after the commencement of the implementation of agrarian reform (in September 1920) in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes estates owned by foreign national had to be expropriated regardless of the acreage if the owner had not lived in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes after the war and the estate was abandoned or let on lease. Therefore, landowners Hungarians protested against the division of their land in the process of agrarian reform in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, claiming that it violates the Trianon Treaty. Based on data from archives from the relevant archival founds in the Archives of Voivodina the paper presents an interesting case of expropriation of large estate in the territory of Bačka which was owned by a Hungarian citizen.