Normativni okvir za suprotstavljanje trgovini ljudskim organima

Abstract

Trgovina ljudskim organima je specifična i složena kriminalna pojava, koja se odvija u više faza, uz učešće većeg broja aktera, često obuhvatajući nekoliko jurisdikcija. Za efikasno suprotstavljanje toj pojavi neophodni su pojmovno i terminološko razgraničenje trgovine organima od drugih sličnih pojava, naučno fundirano istraživanje njenih oblika i dinamike, te izgradnja adekvatnog normativnog okvira, i na nacionalnom i na međunarodnom nivou. U ovom radu prvo je analiziran pojmovno-terminološki okvir u kome se kreću istraživanja trgovine organima, a zatim je izložen pregled i analizan razvoj etičkih i normativnih međunarodnih standarda usmerenih na sprečavanje i suzbijanje te pojave. Na kraju su analizirana aktuelna rešenja u domaćem zakonodavstvu. Danas paralelno postoje dva normativna režima koja regulišu materiju trgovine organima. Jedan trgovinu organima tretira isključivo kao modalitet transnacionalnog krivičnog dela trgovine ljudima, a drugi, noviji, kao zabranjenu (inkriminisanu) delatnost kojom se krši normativni sistem koji reguliše transplantaciju organa (tkiva, ćelija).

Trafficking in human organs is a specific and complex criminal phenomenon that takes place in several phases, with the participation of a large number of actors, often covering several jurisdictions. To effectively countering are necessary conceptual and terminological demarcation of organ trafficking from other similar phenomena, fundamental scientifically research of its shape and dynamics, and the construction of an adequate legislative framework, both at the national and international level. This paper first analyses the conceptual - terminological framework in which research of organ trafficking is range, and then presents a review and analysis of the development of ethical and normative international standards aimed at prevention and suppression this phenomenon. In the end, we analysed the current solutions in the domestic legislation. Nowadays, there are two parallel legislative regime that regulate the matter of organ trafficking. The first legislative regime that organ trafficking treated exclusively as a modality of transnational crime of human trafficking, and a second, recent, that organ trafficking treats as forbidden (incriminating) activity that violates a regulatory system of organ (tissue cells) transplantation.