Uvođenje rodne perspektive u pravničko obrazovanje u Srbiji : pilot analiza studijskih programa i udžbenika

Abstract

Fokus teksta u opštem smislu je na potrebi dugoročnog i sistematskog preispitivanja visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji sa stanovišta rodne ravnopravnosti i urodnjavanja1 obrazovnog procesa i da se ponude bazični inputi za buduće građenje akcionih planova i politika za rodnu senzitivizaciju visokog obrazovanja. Glavni cilj je da se inicira sistematski dugotrajni proces preispitivanja pravničkog obrazovanja iz rodne perspektive. Tekst, naravno, može da ostvari samo skromne rezultate kroz preliminarnu analizu pravničkih studijskih programa, i to na ograničenom ali reprezentativnom uzorku. Sprovedena je, dakle, pilot analiza dva akreditovana studijska programa prava na dva državna univerziteta – na Pravnom fakultetu u Beogradu i Pravnom fakultetu u Nišu. Ova pilot analiza se zasniva na utvrđenoj metodologiji za rodno senzitivnu analizu studijskih programa (kurikuluma i pojedinačnih silabusa), kao i udžbenika za neke od pravničkih predmeta. Pomenuta metodologija uvodi određene indikatore rodne senzitivnosti i tri kategorije procene sadržaja udžbenika i ishoda učenja zacrtanih u silabusima – rodno negativan, rodno neutralan i rodno senzitivan. Fokus je na pilot istraživanju kurikuluma i silabusa, kao i udžbenika za predmete: Sociologija prava, Ustavno pravo, Porodično pravo, Radno pravo i Krivično pravo. U uvodnim napomena teksta obrazlaže se smisao i značaj integrisanja rodne perspektive u visoko obrazovanje. U drugom poglavlju je izložen normativni i strateški okvir koji čini neophodnim urodnjavanje visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji. Glavni fokus analize – vezan za preispitivanje silabusa i udžbenika – elaboriran je u sledeća tri poglavlja. Treće poglavlje prezentuje glavne indikatore za rodno senzitivnu analizu pravničkog obrazovanja. Četvrto je posvećeno analitičkom okviru i metodologiji istraživanja, a u petom su izloženi i tumačeni dobijeni rezultati. U završnom delu teksta su date preporuke, koje bi mogle da doprinesu unapređenju kurikuluma i udžbenika i, uopšte uzev, pravničkog i visokog obrazovanja.

The general aim of this text is to initiate a long-lasting systemic process of reconsidering higher education in Serbia from a gender sensitive point of view, and to offer initial input for building action plans and policies oriented towards this goal. The main focus is on reconsidering gender mainstreaming within law schools. However, this text can aspire only to modest achievements, dealing only with preliminary research of legal studies with a restricted but representative sample. Namely, only two accredited study programs at two public universities’ faculties of law in Serbia – Faculty of Law in Belgrade and Faculty of Law in Niš – were taken into consideration. This pilot analysis is based on established methodology for gender sensitive analysis of the curricula as well as of syllabi and textbooks for certain legal courses. The mentioned methodology introduces specific gender sensitive indicators as well as three categories for estimating learning outcomes of study programs, syllabi and textbooks: gender negative, gender neutral and gender sensitive. The focus of the investigation was on of the following courses: Sociology of Law, Constitutional Law, Family Law, Labor Law and Criminal Law. The meaning and importance of gender mainstreaming in law schools is explained in the Introduction. The normative and strategic framework for gender mainstreaming of higher education in Serbia is presented in the second chapter. The main focus of analysis – related to reconsidering curricula and textbooks from gender perspective – is elaborated through the next three chapters: the third chapter explores the main indicators of gender sensitive analysis of legal education; the fourth one is devoted to the analytical framework and methodology of investigation; chapter five presents the research results and their interpretation. Concluding notes clarify discrepancies between the normative and strategic international and national framework for gender mainstreaming of higher education, on the one hand, and the given state of affairs in Serbian legal education, on the other. The text includes recommendations for gender action plans, which could contribute to an improvement of legal and higher education in general.