Rimski Societas u najnovijoj literaturi

Abstract

Najnovija monografija o ortakluku u rimskom pravu "Societas. Struktur und Typenvielfalt des römischen Gesellschaftsvertrages", čiji je autor Franc-Štefan Majsl (Franz-Stefan Meissel), austrijski romanista mlađe generacije, objavljena je 2004. godine, tridesetak godina nakon poslednje u nizu značajnih monografija o ovoj temi. Visoko je ocenjena, s obzirom na to da je dobila prestižnu romanističku nagradu Premium Boulvert. Ova monografija ne donosi revolucionarno novu teoriju o ortakluku poput nekih monografija iz prošlog veka, počevši od Vijakerove do Gvarinove. Umesto toga, autor se ograničava na analizu velikog broja različitih vrsta izvora, kao što su rimska jurisprudencija, papirologija, epigrafika i literarni izvori. Ove izvore autor analizira poput rimskih pravnika - kazuistički. Pri tome postavlja nekoliko manjih teza, na primer, da podele na vrste ortakluka koje nalazimo u izvorima predstavljaju samo osnovni obrazac, a ne iscrpnu listu udruženja, s obzirom na bogatstvo i fleksibilnost slučajeva koje navodi rimska jurisprudencija i drugi izvori, ili da ortakluk u izvesnim slučajevima ima dejstvo prema van (Aussenwirkung), te da nije isključivo interni odnos koji se tiče samo ugovornih strana. S druge strane, vrednost ove monografije je u tome što predstavlja vid digesta dosadašnje romanističke literature o ortakluku; autor se predstavlja kao veoma sistematičan i jasan tumač stavova u literaturi o ortakluku i njihov razložan i uverljiv kritičar. Monografija se sastoji od tri nezavisna dela. Prvo poglavlje posvećeno je čuvenom nemačkom romanisti Vijakeru i njegovoj originalnoj teoriji o ortakluku. U drugom delu rada koji je najoriginalniji, autor, koristeći veliki broj različitih izvora, analizira raznolike oblike ortakluka u jurisprudeniciji i ugovornoj praksi. Treći deo rada bavi se starim i mnogo diskutovanim pitanjem odnosa između konsenzualnog ortakluka i suvlasništva uz uvid u najnoviju literaturu posvećenu ovom pitanju.

The most recent monograph on partnership in Roman Law "Societas. Struktur und Typenvielfalt des römischen Gesellschaftsvertrages" (by Franz-Stefan Meissel a young Austrian Romanist) has been published in 2004., some thirty years after the last important book on this topic. It has been highly praised and has won the prestigious Premium Boulvert Romanist award. This monograph does not bring about a dramatically different partnership theory like the monographs published in the previous century (Wieacker to Guarino). Instead the author restricts himself to analysis of a great number of different sources such as Roman jurisprudence, papirology, epigraphy and literary sources. Author analyses these sources like Roman lawyer would - casuistically. In doing so he offers several minor theses, e.g. that classification of partnerships found in the sources is only basic, and not the final list, given the plethora and flexibility of cases offered by Roman jurisprudence and other sources. On another occasion, he claims that partnership has certain outer effects (Aussenwirkung), and that consequently, it does not represent a purely internal relationship among contractual parties. On the other hand, this book is valuable because it represents a sort of digest of contemporary Romanistic literature on partnership. Author comes across as very systematical and clear interpreter of the positions taken in literature on partnership, and as a tempered and reasonable critic. Monograph consists of three independent parts. First part is deoted to famous German Romanist Wieacker and his original theory on partnership. In the second, most original part, he uses a great number of different sources and analyzes different notions of partnerships in jurisprudence and contractual practice. The third part of the work deals with the old an much-discussed issue of relationship between consensual partnership and co-ownership and offers overview of the most recent literature on this topic.