Svest o protivpravnosti kao konstitutivni element krivice

Abstract

Do donošenja Krivičnog zakonika Republike Srbije u našem pravnom sistemu je bio prihvaćen materijalno-formalni pojam krivičnog dela kao i psihološke teorije krivice, u skladu sa kojima se krivica svodi samo na psihički odnos učinioca prema delu i utvrđuje se s obzirom na njegovu svest i volju. Posledica ovog shvatanja je bilo zakonsko rešenje prema kome pravna zabluda nije imala uticaja na postojanje krivice i krivičnog dela, već je predstavljala samo fakultativni osnov za ublažavanje ili oslobođenje od kazne. Krivični zakonik Republike Srbije u skladu sa tekovinama savremene krivičnopravne teorije usvaja formalni pojam krivičnog dela, a krivicu definiše u skladu sa stavovima mešovitih, psihološko-normativnih teorija krivice, prema kojima krivica predstavlja psihički odnos učinioca prema delu zbog koga mu se može uputiti prekor. U čl. 22 Krivičnog zakonika Republike Srbije je propisano da je krivica složena kategorija koja se sastoji iz uračunljivosti, umišljaja i nehata i svesti o protivpravnosti. U radu autor napre kroz analizu psiholoških, normativnih i psihološko-normativnih teorija krivice prikazuje na koji način je svest o protivpravnosti postala element krivice, a potom razmatra pojedina pitanja vezana za sadržinu i pravnu prirodu svesti o protivpravnosti. Na kraju rada su data zaključna razmatranja i pojedini stavovi koje autor zauzima u pogledu ove izuzetno složene problematike.

Till the ratification of Criminal Code of Republic of Serbia the materially-formal general notion of criminal offence as well as psychical theories of guilt were accepted, according to which the culpability comes up to only a psychical attitude of perpetrator to a felony and is been defined according to his sense/aware and volition. The implication of this concept was the legal decision according to which legal error did not have any influence to existence of guilt and criminal offence/criminal act but only symbolized optional ground for lenient or divestiture from the punish. The Criminal Code of Republic Serbia in accordance to a modern inheritance of criminal legal theory adopts formal concept of general notion of criminal offence and guilt defines in the line with miscellaneous, psychological-normative theories of guilt, according to which the guilt reflects psychical relation of perpetrator to offence for which purpose the lecture might be consigned to him. It is stipulated by the article 22. of the Criminal Code of Republic of Serbia the guiltiness is a complex category which consists of competence, intention and negligence and a sense of prohibition of the act. In the piece of the work the author firstly explains the way of sense of prohibition of the act become an element guiltiness by analyzing psychological, normative and psychological-normative theories of guiltiness and subsequently analyzes particular matters relating to a content and legal nature of sense of prohibition of the act. At the end of the work, the author briefly specifies the conclusions which the gained during the analysis of particular aspects of this extremely complex contention.