Teorija neophodnih sredstava - posledice po prava intelektualne svojine

Abstract

Teorija neophodnih sredstava predstavlja balans između interesa slobodne konkurencije, s jedne strane, i potpune slobode ugovaranja za preduzeća koja kontrolišu "neophodno sredstvo", s druge strane. Svrha ove teorije je da dominantnom preduzeću nametne obavezu da, uz pravičnu naknadu, omogući pristup takvom dobru svojim konkurentima koji ne bi mogli da nastave sa privrednom aktivnošću ukoliko im pristup ne bi bio omogućen. Primena teorije neophodnih sredstava u oblasti intelektualne svojine je sporna, pošto prava intelektualne svojine imaju monopolski karakter. Pravom intelektualne svojine nagrađuje se stvaralački napor, a njegovom titularu se daje prednost nad konkurentima na tržištu.

The Essential Facilities Doctrine may be seen as a balance between the interest of free and undistorted competition, on the one hand, and the complete contractual freedom of undertakings controlling a unique facility on the other hand. The objective of this doctrine is to impose upon a dominant undertaking the duty to give acces to the facility, against a reasonable fee, to its competitors which cannot pursue their own activity without such access. The application of Essential Facilities Doctrine in respect of Intellectual Property Rights is highly controversial, since IPRs are concerned with the creation and commercial exploitation of a statutory grant of monopoly power. The innovator is rewarded for his creative effort and in this way is given an advantage over his competitors in the market.