Pravne studije krajem XVIII i početkom XIX veka i Beogradska velika škola 1808-1813. godine

Abstract

Velika škola osnovana u Beogradu 1/13. septembra 1808. godine već je bila predmet brojnih istraživanja, ali su neka važna pitanja ostala nerešena. Osnovno među njima je pitanje karaktera Velike škole, odnosno da li se ona može tretirati kao preteča Univerziteta u Beogradu, a naročito njegovog Pravnog fakulteta. Do sada je izostalo detaljnije sagledavanje višeg i visokog obrazovanja onoga vremena u oblasti pravnih studija u okruženju što bi moglo da olakša odgovor na postavljeno pitanje. U radu se daje uporedni pogled na sisteme pravnog obrazovanja u Ruskom i Austrijskom carstvu, koji su mogli biti eventualni modeli za ugledanje. Posebna se pažnja posvećuje pravnim studijama u Austrijskom carstvu, koje su pohađali i završili profesori beogradske Velike škole, kao i oni koji su mogli imati uticaja na njen nastanak i profil. Postavljaju se kriterijumi za poređenje nastavni planovi, dužina trajanja nastave, broj nastavnika, akademske titule i način predavanja. U radu se po sličnim kriterijumima upoređuje i Velika škola (1808-1813) s potonjim Licejem u vreme kada je počinjao s radom (1838). Autor zastupa stanovište da se na osnovu tih poređenja beogradska Velika škola može tretirati kao preteča Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, pa i Univerziteta u Beogradu, a da je bila ustrojena slično kao i austrijske (ugarske) kraljevske akademije.

The Higher School (La Haute Ecole) was founded in Belgrade, on 1st (the Old - Julian Calendar), i.e. 13th of September 1808 (Today's - Gregorian Calendar). Despite the fact that the School has already been a subject of research, some of the questions remained unanswered. One of them relates to the character of the Higher School, that is to the issue of whether it is justified to consider the School to be a predecessor of the University of Belgrade, and especially of its Faculty of Law, or not. The method of approaching this issue may be to look into the high and higher education and the legal studies models in the region of that time. This paper offers a comparative perspective of the educational systems in Russian and Austrian empires, that both could have served as a model for the system of education in Serbia. The founding fathers of the Higher School and its first professors completed their legal studies in Austria, so the author pays special attention to the Austrian system of legal education of that time. The author determines the comparison criteria: curricula, length of schooling, number of teachers academic titles and methods of lecturing, and finds many elements in common with the legal educational model at Austrian Royal Academies. In addition the author uses these criteria to compare the Belgrade Higher School (1808-1813) with the Lyceum. Namely, the Higher School was transformed into the Lyceum in 1838 and many of the Serbian historians were inclined to link the beginning of the university education in Serbia to the year of 1838 as the year of change. However, the author shows that the legal studies curricula before and after 1838 were essentially alike. The overall conclusion is that the Higher School in Belgrade was shaped according to the Hapsburg model of education, with the main goal to prepare officers for the state administration, lasting three years and teaching specialized legal subjects for year and a half.