Pojam sune u predislamsko doba

Abstract

Pojam predislamske sune dugo je vremena bio u senci mnogo poznatije sune proroka Muhameda. Međutim, prvo Goldziher, a potom i Schacht, doprineli su da se u džahilijetskoj suni otkrije ne samo preteča, već umnogome i sadržaj jednog od najvažnijih izvora islamskog prava. U ovom tekstu ukazano je na razliku između običaja (adeta) i sune. Svest o obaveznosti primene određene sune dolazi od autoriteta njenog utemeljivača. Plemenski karakter arabljanskog društva pre Islama doveo je do toga da su korisni i prihvaćeni presedani svoje tvorce dovodili u legendu čime su oni postajali deo besmrtne tradicije plemena. Prenošenje ove tradicije sa generacije na generaciju bio je zadatak pesnika, a zasluge za njen razvoj pripadaju i sporazumno izabranim plemenskim arbitrima Uspostavljanjem nove, Muhamedove sune i ujedinjenjem plemena u jedinstvenu muslimansku zajednicu (ummu) predislamske sune polako će zaboraviti svoje poreklo i pretočiće se u običaj (adet).

The notion of pre-Islamic sunna has for a long dine been in the shadow of the much more known sunna of the prophet Mohammed. However, Goldziecher and, later on, Schacht have contributed to discovery in the dzahiliet sunna of the contents which may be qualified as one of the most significant sources of the Islamic law. Treated in the text is the difference between the custom (adet) and the sunna. The sense of binding character of application of a specific sunna comes out of the authority of its founder. Tribal character of the Arabian society before Islam made possible useful and accepted precedents created by some personalities which introduced them into the legend, so that these people became the part of an everlasting tradition of the tribe. Keeping that tradition through generations was the task of poets, while credit for its development has to be granted to elected tribal arbitrators. By establishing the new - Mohammedan sunna and by uniting the tribes into a single Muslim community (ummu), the pre - Islamic sunnas gradually were forgotten as far as their origin is concerned. They, in fact, were transformed into customs (adet).