Koncepcija istrage u krivičnom postupku

Abstract

U ovom članu objašnjene su osnovne karakteristike poslednjih promena u krivičnom procesnom pravu Republike Srbije, zajedno sa opštim napomenama o konceptu istrage u krivičnom procesnom pravu, a posebno o potencijalnim budućim reformama krivičnog procesnog prava u Srbiji, kao i u drugim zemljama u regionu. Opšta tendencija je promena u konceptu istrage, što je posebno karakteristično za region bivše Jugoslavije, ali i za veći deo Evrope. Najvažnija osobenost se ogleda u usvajanju novog koncepta istrage pri čemu se ona izuzima iz nadležnosti iz suda (istražnog sudije) i delegira državnom tužilaštvu (javnom ili državnom tužiocu). Uvođenje tužilačke istrage trebalo bi da bude najizrazitija promena budućeg krivičnog postupka. Glavni cilj takvog koncepta istrage jeste povećanje efikasnosti krivičnog postupka, budući da istražni sudija neće ponavljati radnje koje su policija i tužilac već preduzeli. Sa novim konceptom, javni (državni) tužilac će biti mnogo aktivniji u početnoj fazi prikupljanja dokaza. Koncept istrage koju vodi tužilac zahteva da braniocu i državnom tužiocu budu uglavnom omogućena ista prava. Prema tome, braniocu mora biti dato pravo na uvid u spise predmeta i njihovu kopiju kao i na proučavanje predmeta i stvari koji su prikupljeni kao dokaz tokom istrage itd. Međutim, ne treba ići previse brzo sa promenom opšteg koncepta istrage u krivičnom postupku. Promena koncepta istrage podrazumeva da država obezbedi sve formalne i materijalne preduslove za tako nešto, jer u protivnom, nedostatak tehničkih uslova može ugroziti čitav koncept. Vodjenje takozvane paralelne delimične istrage predstavljalo bi pogrešan korak, jer nema svrhe da optuženi istražuje svoju sopstvenu nevinost.

In the article are explained the basic characteristics of the last changes in the criminal procedure of Republic of Serbia, together with the general remarks about the concept of investigation in criminal procedure and especially about potential future of the reform of criminal procedure in Serbia and in the other countries in region too. The general tendency is change in the concept of the investigation and it is especially characteristic in the region of the former Yugoslavia, but in the most parts of Europe. The most important change would be the new concept of investigation, or its removal from the court, i.e. investigative judge and delegation to the state prosecutorial service, i.e. public or state prosecutor. The introduction of prosecutor-lead investigation in criminal procedure would be the most far-reaching change of future criminal procedure. The main goal of that concept of investigation is to do the criminal procedure more expeditious, because the investigating judge will not repeat actions that the police and prosecutor have already taken. With the new concept, the public (state) prosecutor will be much more active in the initial stage of evidence collection. The concept of prosecutor-lead investigation requires that the defense counsel and state prosecutor principally be given equal rights. Accordingly, defense counsel must be granted the right to have insight into and make copies of case files and examine objects collected as evidence during the investigation etc. It is necessary not to be too speedy in changing of the form, i.e. general type of investigation in criminal procedure. If the state establish the new concept of state (public) prosecutor investigation, it is very vital to secure completely all formal andfactual conditions for the new concept of investigation, because in opposite, the lack of technical conditions could be jeopardize the whole concept of that type of investigation in criminal procedure. So called paralleled partial investigation would be step in wrong way, because it has no point that defendant investigates his own innocence.