Uticaj prakse suda EU na zaštitu poverilaca u kompanijskom pravu

Abstract

U ovom radu autor se bavi slučajevima iz prakse Suda EU, koji su doveli u pitanje postojeći sistem zaštite poverilaca u kompanijskom pravu zemalja članica EU. Centar koncepta kompanijskog prava pomerio se na nove okvire viđene, pre svega, u ostvarivanju efikasnosti društva, dok je zaštita interesa pojedinih kategorija lica stavljena u drugi plan. Pošto su dosadašnji koncepti, poput minimuma kapitala u zatvorenim društvima, i principa njegovog održavanja dovedeni u pitanje, javlja se potreba za pronalaženjem efikasnog sistema zaštite poverilaca, te se naročito sve više insistira na institutima stečajnog prava i pravilima o fiducijarnoj dužnosti. No, imajući u vidu neke odluke Suda EU, otvoreno ostaje pitanje domašaja primene pojedinačnih instituta u celokupnom pravnom sistemu svake zemlje, u kome su potisnuti tradicionalni pravni mehanizmi, i koji, osim toga, više ne čine celinu pravne zaštite kako je ona do sada ostvarivana.

This paper analyses recent decisions of the ECJ, which changed creditor protection mechanisms within national law of its Member States. The main goal of company law is achieving efficiency and competitiveness, while protecting the interests of members, shareholders, and third parties is of secondary priority. Since the usual protection of creditors, such as minimum capital rules, are not applicable if they are contrary to the right of establishment, there is a new impediment to look for a more efficient and less burdensome way in achieving this protection. After Centros and other judgments of the ECJ, national law systems, which were applicable to each of the companies, are not fully applied, as a system of rules. Therefore there are serious consequences in the evasion of certain national provisions, and circumvention of laws, which cannot be dealt with by usual instruments. This problem is underlined by different criteria in applying company law rules and insolvency rules. It is suggested, that EC company law should go further in achieving satisfactory community protection of creditors by introducing modern rules of solvency, wrongful trading, common material rules applied in all Member States to insolvency procedures etc.