O položaju oštećenog u krivičnom postupku

Abstract

U radu su razmotrene značajne promene do kojih je poslednjih decenija došlo u sagledavanju položaja oštećenog u krivičnom postupku. Autor ističe da je načelni zahtev da se sa oštećenim u krivičnom postupku ima postupati saosećajno, sa poštovanjem i uz uvažavanje njegovog dostojanstva, proklamovan u brojnim međunarodnim dokumenima. Usled toga je u uporednom pravu procesni položaj oštećenog dobio zapaženo mesto, pri čemu normativno uređenje ovog pitanja ima dva aspekta. Prvi se odnosi na nastojanje oštećenog da u krivičnom postupku ostvari imovinskopravni zahtev, dok je drugi aspekt posledica potrebe za preduzimanjem mera za sprečavanje njegove sekundarne viktimizacije. Kada je reč o srpskom pravu, autor zaključuje da je ono na tragu postojećih uporednih rešenja u ovoj oblasti, i to kako u pogledu procesnog položaja oštećenog u krivičnom postupku, tako i u odnosu na mere njegove procesne zaštite. Određene promene do kojih je došlo u procesnom položaju oštećenog, posledica su nove koncepcije krivičnog postupka, s tim da je prilikom njihovog zakonskog uređenja vođeno računa o standardima ljudskih prava. Sa tim u vezi, autor ukazuje na veliki značaj koji za ovu problematiku imaju standardi koji su izgrađeni u praksi Evropskog suda za ljudska prava. U okviru njih se položaj oštećenog u krivičnom postupku sagledava kako u svetlu prava na pravično suđenje, tako i u okviru koncepta evropskog javnog poretka.

The paper considers important changes which have ensued in the last decade and so regarding views on the position of an injured party in criminal proceedings, and which come as a result of an endeavor to strengthen the process of pacification of custom. The author emphasizes that greater sensitivity towards injuries or jeopardizing of personal or property rights of an injured party has primarily led to a principal stand that he/she should be treated during criminal proceedings with compassion, respect, and with valuing of his/her dignity. This approach, which has been proclaimed in numerous international documents, has resulted in an intensified interest for the rights of injured parties in criminal proceedings which has led to a noticeable movement in comparative law for the establishment of a legal framework that would guarantee a procedural position and the rights of the injured party. With all the differences highlighted in the paper, the author concludes that the legislative framework pertaining to the position of an injured party essentially has two aspects. First pertains to the attempt of the injured party to satisfy his/her restitution claim in criminal proceedings, while the second aspect comes as a result of a need to take measures in order to prevent secondary victimization. When it comes to Serbian legal system, the author concludes that it follows the existing comparative legal solutions in this field, both in relation to the procedural position of an injured party in criminal proceedings, as well as in relation to his/her procedural protection. Certain changes that have taken place regarding the procedural position of an injured party have come as a result of a new concept of criminal proceedings during whose legal drafting attention was paid to human rights standards. Relatedly, the author points out the great significance of standards developed by the European Court of Human Rights to this issue. Within this framework, the position of an injured party in criminal proceedings is viewed both in light of the right to a fair trial, as well as within the concept of a European public order. The said two aspects sometimes have to be analyzed in parallel having in mind that the European Court of Human Rights in its decisions often views the right to a fair trial in the context of 'core' human rights.