Značaj pregovora za zaključenje ugovora iz perspektive pravne sigurnosti međunarodnog poslovnog prometa

Abstract

U ovom radu autori analiziraju pravni režim pregovora u uporednom pravu, sa posebnim osvrtom na rešenja uniformnog prava. Rad se zasniva na hipotezi da razlike u pravilima o pregovorima u različitim pravnim sistemima mogu da ugroze pravnu sigurnost međunarodnog poslovnog prometa jer mogu da dovedu do neočekivanih ishoda na polju predugovorne odgovornosti, i s njom povezanih dodatnih troškova. Na osnovu ispitivanja razlika u pristupu pravnom uređenju pregovora u dva velika pravna sistema (kontinentalnom i anglosaksonskom), sadržaju pravila o predugovornoj odgovornosti u izvorima uniformnog ugovornog prava i sudske i arbitražne prakse, autori zaključuju da, bez obzira na pravo merodavno za pregovore, strane mogu da presudno utiču na pravno oblikovanje svojih pregovora kroz zaključenje različitih oblika sporazuma o pregovorima. Pri tome, treba da imaju u vidu značaj predvidljivosti merodavnih pravnih rešenja, jer je predvidljivost jedan od ključnih elemenata pravne sigurnosti u međunarodnom poslovnom prometu.

In this paper the authors analyze the legal regime applicable to negotiations in comparative law, with a special emphasis on the solutions adopted in uniform law. The general hypothesis of the paper is that the differences in rules on negotiations in various legal systems are likely to jeopardize legal certainty in international business transactions as they may lead to unexpected outcomes in the field of pre-contractual liability. For that reason, the advance understanding of the applicable law to negotiations is of utmost importance in international business transactions as it may significantly affect party's overall cost calculation and liability, in particular in case of failed negotiations. Upon examining the approaches to negotiations taken by two major legal systems (civil law and common law), the content of the sources of uniform contract law and the practice of courts and arbitral tribunals, the authors conclude that, irrespective of the law applicable to negotiations, the parties may exercise critical impact on the legal framework of their negotiations by concluding different kinds of agreements on negotiations. However, in doing so, the parties need to be aware of the importance of predictability of the solutions to be applied, since predictability is one of the crucial elements of legal certainty in international business transactions.