Nastanak ugovora o doživotnom izdržavanju

Abstract

U izučavanju ugovora o doživotnom izdržavanju posebnu pažnju treba posvetiti njegovom poreklu. Koreni doživotnog izdržavanja sežu čak do samog osvita srednjeg veka, koga obeležava plemenski način života tadašnjih naroda, koji su se u regulisanju svojih međusobnih prava i obaveza služili svojim običajima. Prelomni momenat za nastanak i dalje razvijanje ugovora o doživotnom izdržavanju je formiranje privatne svojine na zemljištu, a istovremeno sa njom i privatnih porodičnih imanja. Tek tada se postavlja i pitanje izdržavanja lica, koja zbog starosti nisu sposobna za privređivanje, pošto je njihovo izdržavanje za vreme plemenskog načina života padalo na teret celog plemena. Razvoj doživotnog izdržavanja nije imao isti tok na svim prostorima. Dok je u Nemačkoj ovaj ugovor najčešće korišćen kod seoskog stanovništva, kod nas je bio u upotrebi među vladajućim slojevima društva. Razlog ovome je dugo zadržavanje kolektivne svojine na seoskim imanjima za vreme turske vladavine. Razlika se pojavila i u pravnoj prirodi doživotnog izdržavanja, pošto je u Nemačkoj stvarnopravnog karaktera, a kod nas obligacionopravnog karaktera. Razvoj ugovora o doživotnom izdržavanju je nametnuo i potrebu njegovog zakonskog regulisanja. Kod nas je to učinjeno tek 1955. godine.

During study of personal care contract special attention should be devoted to its origin. Roots of personal care contract date back to the down of Middle Age which is characterized by tribal way of life when people who lived back then used their own customs in regulation of their mutual rights and obligations. Turning point for the creation and further development of personal care contract is the formation of privately owned land and at the same time private family estates. Only then question regarding support of a people who because of age were not capable of earning rose, since their support during the tribal way of life was born entirely by the entire tribe. Development of personal care did not have the same path in all areas. While in Germany these types of contacts were commonly used in the rural population in our region it was in use mainly among the ruling classes of society. Reason for this is long retention of collective ownership of the farms during the Ottoman rule. The difference appeared in the legal nature and life support, as in Germany personal care contract is considered proprietary in the nature while here it is of contractual nature. Development of personal care contract imposed the need for its legal regulation. In our country this regulation was conducted in 1955.