Diplomatska zaštita u međunarodnom pravu i Ujedinjene nacije

Abstract

Rad se bavi razvojem instituta diplomatske zaštite kroz institucionalne mehanizme Društva naroda i Ujedinjenih nacija. Obrađuje relevantnu praksu država, kao i sudsku praksu, posebno, Međunarodnog suda pravde. Predstavljen razvoj običajnih pravnih pravila vezanih za diplomatsku zaštitu i njihovo formulisanje u jednu sistemsku pravnu celinu preko rada Komisije za međunarodno pravo. U tom smislu navedene su osnovne etape u kodifikaciji pravila u vezi sa diplomatskom zaštitom i doprinosom Ujedinjenih nacija na polju zaštite prava stranih državljana. Prikazan je novi razvoj univerzalnih i regionalnih mehanizama zaštite prava čoveka i istaknut uticaj koji se na taj način vrši na primenu tradicionalnih mehanizama diplomatske zaštite.

The paper deals with the issue of the diplomatic protection in international law and its development through the history of the international community. In this sense, the author investigates the practice of states regarding the application of diplomatic protection and the steps taken by the International Law Commission of the United Nations on the codification of this area. In 2004 International Law Commission adopted at first reading a full set of draft articles. In this paper is presented judicial practice, especially of the International Court of Justice, in the field of diplomatic protection in order to evaluate whether the approach of the Court to diplomatic protection has become more human-rights oriented in the last few years. Author presents the development of customary law rules relating to diplomatic protection and its transition into a whole system of rules through the work of the International Law Commission. In this sense, these are the basic stages in the codification of rules on diplomatic protection and the United Nations contribution to the protection of the rights of foreign nationals. This article points the development of universal and regional mechanisms to protect human rights and highlights the impact of those mechanisms on traditional measures of diplomatic protection.