Založno pravo na vazduhoplovu s posebnim osvrtom na zakonsko založno pravo

Abstract

U članku se razmatraju tri moguće vrste založnog prava na vazduhoplovu. Posebna pažnja se obraća na zakonsko založno pravo i na odnos s ugovornim i sudskim založnim pravom. Zbog specifičnosti vazduhoplova kao (ne)pokretne stvari koja se naročito uočava kod sticanja stvarnih prava, na odgovarajućim mestima u radu vazduhoplov se poredi s brodom kao vrlo srodnom stvarju u ovim pitanjima. Značaj založnih prava na vazduhoplovu dolazi posebno do izražaja donošenjem srpskog Zakona o vazdušnom prevozu 2011. godine i Kejptaunske konvencije 2001. godine. Uočava se međusobna suprotstavljenost interesa imalaca različitih vrsta založnog prava na vazduhoplovu. U tom smislu, autor, analizirajući pravila različitih izvora prava, pokušava da pruži rešenja za skladan poredak namirenja ovih založnih prava na istom vazduhoplovu.

The paper examines three types of liens on aircraft: mortgage (as contractual lien), statutory and judicial lien on aircraft. Special attention is paid to statutory liens and its relationship with mortgage and judicial lien on same aircraft. The author highlights the problem of priority of different type of secured creditors due to the fact of existing competition between their interests. This problem is especially enlarged because of simultaneously applying three different source of law: Cape Town Convention 2001, Serbian Law of Air Transport 2011 and Geneva Convention on the Recognition of Rights in Aircraft 1948. Conclusion is that the creditor with statutory lien on aircraft has the biggest priority in realization of his right over other creditors and even creditors secured with mortgage and judicial lien which have priority between themselves in comply with principle 'first in time, first in right'. In order to achieve the ideas of this conclusion in practice it is necessary for courts to use teleological interpretation in applying laws. This is especially because of certain inconsistencies between different legal sources in regard of notion, order of priority and effect of different type of liens on aircraft.