Pravno-političko opravdanje krivičnog dela korišćenja platnih kartica bez pokrića

Abstract

U ovom radu autori razmatraju pravno-političke razloge za propisivanje krivičnog dela korišćenja platnih kartica bez pokrića (Krivični zakonik, čl. 228, st. 1). U prvom delu rada se objašnjava ratio legis ovog dela, iz koga proizlazi da korišćenje platne kartice bez pokrića zaslužuje da bude krivično sankcionisano samo kada na osnovu upotrebe kartice izdavalac stiče samostalnu obavezu plaćanja prema trećem licu izvan ugovora s imaocem kartice. Nasuprot tome, kažnjavanje ne zaslužuju slučajevi upotrebe debitnih kartica na prodajnim mestima trgovaca, odnosno bankomatima drugih banaka, gde izdavalac preko autorizacije (odobrenja) transakcije plaćanja neposredno učestvuje u sopstvenom preuzimanju obaveze prema trećem licu. Drugi deo rada je posvećen kritičkoj analizi obeležja bića ovog krivičnog dela u važećem srpskom pravu. U tom pogledu autori ukazuju na pojedina odstupanja i nejasnosti iz ugla objašnjene svrhe inkriminacije. Na osnovu svestranog razmatranja pitanja od značaja za širinu kriminalne zone u ovoj oblasti, u završnom delu rada autori daju odgovarajuće predloge de lege ferenda.

In this paper the authors discuss the legal policy reasons for the crime of non-covered use of payments cards (Criminal Code, Art. 228(1)). In the first part of the paper the ratio legis of this crime is explained. It is concluded that the non-covered use of payment cards deserves to be criminally sanctioned only when, based of the card's use, the card issuer becomes personally liable for payment to the third party not privy to the contract between the issuer and the card-holder. Conversely, criminal proscribing is not justified when debit cards are used at the point-of-sale or the ATM of another bank, since here the issuer authorizes the payment transaction and thereby participates in assuming his own obligation to pay to the third party. The second part of the paper contains critical analysis of the proscribed non-covered use of payment cards in the Serbian Criminal Code. In this respect the authors show the lack of clarity and certain discrepancies with the explained ratio legis of such a crime. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the issues regarding the justification of criminal proscribing in this field, in the last part of the paper the authors suggest possible solutions de lege ferenda.