Zaštita životne sredine u oružanim sukobima

Abstract

Rad analizira veoma aktuelno pitanje zaštite životne sredine u oružanim sukobima koje je, pored toga, od opšteg interesa za bezbednost čitave međunarodne zajednice. Međunarodni sud pravde je u nekoliko navrata naglasio potrebu formiranja posebnih pravila u ovoj oblasti, a rad na prikupljanju pravila započela je Komisija za međunarodno pravo. Specifičnost ovog pitanja je u tome što je reč o kombinaciji normi međunarodnog humanitarnog prava, prava životne sredine, a delimično i ljudskih prava. Pored toga, u modernoj međunarodnoj zajednici došlo je do velikog razvoja sredstava za ratovanje, pa je utoliko potreba regulisanja pitanja zaštite životne sredine u oružanim sukobima od primarnog interesa. U radu je analizirana pozitivno pravna regulativa iz ove oblasti, praksa sudova i arbitraža, kao i rad Komisije za međunarodno pravo. Izloženo je trenutno stanje normi i predstavljen je de lege ferenda pravac razvoja pravila.

The paper analyzes the highly topical issue of environmental protection in armed conflicts which constitutes the general interest of the security of the entire international community. The International Court of Justice has on several occasions stressed the need of forming special rules in this area, and the collection of rules has been initiated by the International Law Commission. The specificity of this issue is that it is a combination of the norms of international humanitarian law, environmental law, and, in part, the issues of human rights. In addition to this, the modern international community has seen a great development of means of warfare which implies that the need to regulate the issue of environmental protection in armed conflict is of primary interest. The paper analyzes the legal regulations in this field, the practice of courts and arbitration, as well as the work of the International Law Commission. The survey features current national standards and newly introduced development policies. The conclusion is that the current state standards that are directly related to the protection of the environment are unsatisfactory and that it is necessary to do much more to improve environmental protection in armed conflicts. It is particularly harmful that a number of very influential countries have repeatedly insisted on restricting the scope of some of the essential provisions of the Conventions relating to the protection of the environment in armed conflict. The reason was that they wanted to ensure that nuclear weapons can be applied in exceptional circumstances. Such an attitude of the leading countries within the international community undermines the establishment of legal provisions on environmental protection in armed conflicts.