Razvoj kulture odstupanja od 'primeni ili objasni' pravila korporativnog upravljanja

Abstract

Moderan koncept regulisanja materije korporativnog upravljanja se danas zasniva na postojanju 'primeni ili objasni' pravila. Ta pravila društvima daju pravo da ih primene ili da ih ne primene, u kom slučaju nastaje obaveza informisanja javnosti o razlozima zbog kojih je doneta takva odluka. Ceo sistem se bazira na kvalitetu izveštavanja za slučaj odstupanja, jer ako on ne funkcioniše, ni kodeksi korporativnog upravljanja ne mogu da ostvare ciljeve koji su pred njih postavljeni. Uporedna i domaća korporativna praksa pokazuje u ovom pogledu brojne nedostatke, zbog čega se i čine veliki napori kako bi se oni otklonili. Najnovija Preporuka Evropske komisije o 'primeni ili objasni ' pravilima predstavlja prvi značajniji pokušaj uređivanja ove materije na nadnacionalnom nivou. U ovom članku autor se zalaže za razvoj 'kulture odstupanja' od 'primeni ili objasni' pravila, kako bi društva postala svesna da odstupanje nije samo po sebi loše, jer omogućava prilagođavanje jedinstvenih pravila korporativnog upravljanja specifičnim karakteristikama konkretnog društva. Pravilan razvoj ovakve prakse može voditi efikasnijem upravljanju akcionarskim društvima, ali i stalnom dizanju standarda dobre prakse korporativnog upravljanja. Tema je od posebnog značaja za Srbiju, imajući u vidu da srpska društva gotovo uvek daju pozitivnu godišnju izjavu o korporativnom upravljanju, što znači da formalno ne odstupaju od pravila kodeksa koji primenjuju. Međutim, realnost je sasvim drugačija.

Modern concept of corporate governance regulation is based on the existence of 'comply or explain' rules. They offer to companies the choice between application and non-application, and in later case com­panies are required to inform public by giving meaningful explanation for making that decision. The whole system is founded on the quality of reporting in case of departure, because if it is not working, corporate governance codes cannot achieve goals they were meant to accomplish. Comparative and national corporate practice shows number of deficien­cies in this regard, which is why great efforts have been made in order to remove them. The newest European Commission Recommendation about 'comply or explain' rules represents the first important attempt to regu­late this topic on supranational level. In this article, the author advocates for development of culture of departure from 'comply or explain' rules, so that the companies become aware that departure is not per se bad, because it enables adjustment of uniform rules of corporate governance to the specificities of a concrete company. This approach can result in more efficient governance of companies, and permanent development of more demanding good corporate governance standards. This topic is of great importance for Serbia, taking into consideration the fact that Ser­bian companies almost always give positive annual corporate governance statement, which means that they are formally completely in accordance with the rules of the applicable corporate governance code. However, the reality is somewhat different.