Zaštita osiguranika pojedinca i Prednacrt Građanskog zakonika Srbije - koliko smo daleko od evropskog nivoa zaštite potrošača usluga osiguranja?
Consumer protection in contract of insurance and Draft of Serbian Civil Code: How far are we from the European level of consumer protection of insurance services?
dc.creator | Petrović-Tomić, Nataša | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-03-11T14:44:07Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-03-11T14:44:07Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2015 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0354-3501 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://ralf.ius.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/866 | |
dc.description.abstract | Usvajanje Građanskog zakonika otvara diskusiju u pogledu promena i novina koje neizostavno moraju biti implementirane u naše pravo. Kada je reč o ugovoru o osiguranju na koji se primenjuje Zakon o obligacionim odnosima, ključan zahtev iz ugla usklađivanja sa pravom EU je implementiranje standarda zaštite slabije strane kreiranih pod uticajem zaštite potrošača. Posmatran iz ovog ugla, Prednacrt Građanskog zakonika ne nudi potrebne izmene. Rad je posvećen detaljnijoj analizi dva pitanja, koja su po mišljenju autorke ključna za ocenu stepena harmonizacije našeg prava sa pravom EU Prvo je pitanje prijavljivanja okolnosti od značaja za ocenu rizika, koje je u Zakonu o obligacionim odnosima uređeno na način koji prvenstveno ima u vidu interes osiguravača. U pitanju je rešenje koje datira iz perioda kada zaštita potrošača još uvek nije bila razvijena u današnjem smislu reči. Stoga je zakonodavac napravio veliki propust preuzimanjem norme stare više od trideset i pet godina u Prednacrt Građanskog zakonika. Oslanjajući se na uporedno pravo, autorka predlaže da se dužnost prijavljivanja kompletno redefiniše. Ona više nije samostalna i spontana dužnost ugovarača osiguranja ili osiguranika i ne odnosi se na sve okolnosti od značaja za ocenu rizika. Pod uticajem zaštite potrošača, dužnost prijavljivanja postaje dužnost osiguravača da sačini upitnik sa što potpunijim i preciznim pitanjima koja se odnose na rizik, dok kandidat za osiguranje na njih treba da odgovori. Kod uređenja posledica povrede ove dužnosti mora se voditi računa o tome da je ugovarač osiguranja ili osiguranik nestručnjak za osiguranje, neuporedivo ekonomski slabiji od osiguravača i da mu je potrebna zaštita u odnosu sa osiguravačem. Drugo pitanje tiče se dužnosti savetovanja ugovarača osiguranja od strane osiguravača. Kako pomenuta dužnost postoji na strani posrednika osiguranja još od donošenja Zakona o osiguranju iz 2004. godine, očekivalo se da se i osiguravač obaveže ovom dužnošću. Ovo utoliko pre što Prednacrt Građanskog zakonika uvodi komplementarnu dužnost informisanja ugovarača osiguranja od strane osiguravača. Autorka kao model proučava nemačko pravo, u kome je dužnost savetovanja proširena i na osiguravača. Pri tom je savetovanje vrlo detaljno uređeno, raščlanjeno na tri uže dužnosti: dužnost ispitivanja lične situacije ugovarača osiguranja, dužnost savetovanja u užem smislu i obrazloženja pruženog saveta i dužnost dokumentovanja pruženog saveta. Razlog zašto autorka kao primer navodi baš nemačko pravo je namera da pokaže koliko je značajno da svi potrošači usluga osiguranja uživaju istu zaštitu, tj. da prema njima iste dužnosti imaju i osiguravač i posrednik osiguranja. U našem pozitivnom pravu, a to će izgleda biti i u budućem pravu, potrošači usluga osiguranja su u neravnopravnom položaju: oni koji se obrate posredniku osiguranja mogu računati na izvršenje dužnosti savetovanja i pružanja dragocene pomoći oko izbora odgovarajuće osiguravajuće zaštite, dok oni koji se direktno obrate osiguravaču nisu u jednakoj meri zaštićeni u vezi sa pribavljanjem osiguravajuće zaštite. S obzirom na kvantitet i kvalitet neusklađenosti, autorka zaključuje da odeljak posvećen ugovoru o osiguranju mora biti suštinski izmenjen ako se želi obezbediti evropski nivo zaštite potrošača usluga osiguranja. U tom postupku, posebna pažnja po mišljenju autorke mora da se posveti ugovornom pravu osiguranja država članica, poput Nemačke i Francuske. | sr |
dc.description.abstract | Adoption of Civil Code opens the discussion about amendements and innovations necessary to implement into Serbian law. Speaking about contract of insurance on which is applied Law on obligations, key requirement from the point of view of harmonization of Serbian law with the standards of European Union is implementation of standards of protection of weaker contracting party created under the influence of consumer protection. Observed from this angle, Draft of Civil Code does not provide necessary amendements. The article is devoted to the detailed analysis of two questions which are - according to the opinion of the author - the most important to the evaluation of the degree of harmonization of our law with the law of EU. The first question is declaration of risk relevant circumstances. This question is regulated in the Law on obligations on the insurer-protective way. Historically, it is a solution originated from the time where the protection of consumers was not developed in contemporary meaning. Therefore, the legislator made a big mistake by taking norm old more than 35 years in the Draft. Relaying on comparative law, the author proposes complete redesign of duty of declaration. Duty of declaration is neither independent nor relates on all risk relevant circumstances. Under the influence of consumer protection, instead of duty of insured to declare all risk relevant circumstances exists the duty of insurer to make questionnaire with complete and precise questions relating on risk. The duty of applicant is to answer these questions. When regulating the consequences of violation of the duty of declaration it is necessary to take into account that the insured is layman (nonprofessional) for insurance, economic weaker than insurer and the fact he needs protection in contractual relationship with insurer. The second question relates to the duty of insurer to advise insured. Broker has this duty since the enactment of Law on Insurance (2004), we therefore expected the insurers got the same duty. Furthermore, the Draft is introducing the complementary duty of insurer: the duty to inform insured on numerous circumstances. The author studies German law as a model, which extands this duty to the insurer. Duty of insurer to advise the insured is very detailed in German law. It actually implements three duties: duty to interrogate personal situation of insured, duty to advise him as well as justify given advice and the duty to document given advice. The reason why the author is citing example of German law is to prove how important is to give the same protection to all consumers of insurance services. In our positive law, consumers of insurance services are desadvantaged. Those who engage broker could count on his duty to give advices about the insurance coverage, those who negotiate directly with the insurer enjoy a lesser degree of protection. Having in mind the quality as well as the quantity of lack of harmonization, the author concludes that the section relating on contract of insurance has to be altered substantially if we want to achieve the European standard of protection of consumers of insurance services. It that proceeding, special attention needs to be paid to the law of member states, like Germany and France. | en |
dc.publisher | Udruženje pravnika u privredi Srbije, Beograd | |
dc.rights | openAccess | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.source | Pravo i privreda | |
dc.subject | zašti tapotrošača | sr |
dc.subject | ugovor o osiguranju | sr |
dc.subject | Prednacrt Građanskog zakonika | sr |
dc.subject | pravo osiguranja Evropske unije | sr |
dc.subject | harmonizacija | sr |
dc.subject | dužnost saveto-vanja | sr |
dc.subject | dužnost prijavljivanja | sr |
dc.subject | insurance law of European Union | en |
dc.subject | harmonization | en |
dc.subject | duty to advise | en |
dc.subject | duty of declaration of risk relevant circumstances | en |
dc.subject | Draft of Civil Code | en |
dc.subject | contract of insurance | en |
dc.subject | consumer protection | en |
dc.title | Zaštita osiguranika pojedinca i Prednacrt Građanskog zakonika Srbije - koliko smo daleko od evropskog nivoa zaštite potrošača usluga osiguranja? | sr |
dc.title | Consumer protection in contract of insurance and Draft of Serbian Civil Code: How far are we from the European level of consumer protection of insurance services? | en |
dc.type | article | |
dc.rights.license | BY | |
dc.citation.epage | 627 | |
dc.citation.issue | 4-6 | |
dc.citation.other | 53(4-6): 605-627 | |
dc.citation.spage | 605 | |
dc.citation.volume | 53 | |
dc.identifier.rcub | conv_2156 | |
dc.type.version | publishedVersion |
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