Istorija pooštravanja zakonske forme ugovora o otuđenju nepokretnosti u srpskom pravu

Abstract

Predmet ovoga rada je neprekinuti proces pooštravanja zakonske forme ugovora o otuđenju nepokretnosti u srpskom pravu, razlozi zbog kojih je to tako, kao i najnovije zakonske promene kojima je ova forma učinjena strožom nego ikada. Zakonska forma prvo je pooštravana posredno, pravilima građanskog sudskog postupka, a potom i neposredno, pravilima materijalnog ugovornog prava. Svrha obavezne zakonske forme je, na prvom mestu, zaštita društvenog interesa, koji obuhvata: smanjenje broja sporova o postojanju i sadržini ugovo­ra o otuđenju nepokretnosti; stručno i savesno sastavljanje isprava o takvim ugovorima, koje će imati svojstvo javne isprave i punu dokaznu snagu; mogućnost da se svako ko ima pravni interes s pouzdanjem uveri u postojanje i sadržinu tuđih ugovora; uvid države u promet nepokretnosti - pre svega radi očuvanja pouzdanosti javnih registara, ali i iz fiskalnih razloga. Istorija pooštravanja zakonske forme ugovora o otuđenju nepokretnosti svedoči da naše društvo stalno traga za instrumentima za ostvarivanje ovih ciljeva.

The subject of this paper is continuous process of tightening of the statutory rules on form of contracts for conveyance of real estate in Serbian law, the reasons behind it, and the most recent legal changes which made the statutory form stricter than ever. In the beginning, the requirements of form were imposed circuitously, by means of procedural rules on proof. Further tightening was effectuated directly, via the rules of substantive contract law. Statutory form of contracts for transfer of real property predominantly serves to protect public interests, i.e. to reduce the number of disputes about the existence and content of these contracts; to ensure the existence of a diligently and professionally recorded and authenticated public instrument with full probative force; to assure that the third parties with legitimate interests may learn about these contracts as matters of fact; to ensure that the State has full information on transfer of real rights in immovable property - for fiscal reasons, and in order to maintain reliability of the public records. The process of constant tightening of the rules on legal form of contracts for conveyance of real estate indicates that Serbian society is in continual search for effective instruments to achieve these goals.