Mogućnost vansudskog poništenja ugovora u srpskom pravu

Abstract

Rad je posvećen institutu tzv. vansudskog poništenja ugovora u srpskom pravu. Autori smatraju da je pitanje, iako veoma bitno, nedovoljno istraženo u našoj literaturi. Mogućnost poništenja ugovora mimo suda svoje mesto nalazi kako u Zakonu o obligacionim odnosima, tako i u tekstu Prednacrta Građanskog zakonika. Uporedimo li, međutim, rešenje našeg i uporednog prava, primetićemo da naš zakonodavac ne predviđa model tzv. pravog vansudskog poništenja, već osoben vid poništenja ugovora mimo suda. Rad je i nastao kao nastojanje autora da uoče razloge za postojanje, ali i specifičnost ovog instituta u srpskom pravu.

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to unjustified neglectfulness of the institute of extrajudicial avoidance of contracts. The institute, as accepted in Serbian legal system, represents a significant exception to the traditional notion of court avoidance in Serbian law. The exception is twofold: firstly, the legislator allows the possibility that the voidable contract (relative nullity) be avoided extra judicially, and secondly, the initiative for this extrajudicial avoidance is not on the contracting party who is, on the other side, in a position to submit a claim for court avoidance. The present solution cannot be identified as a 'genuine extrajudicial avoidance', a unilateral declaration of will, as accepted in comparative legal systems, given that it is the result of the parties' agreement. The reasoning for providing this opportunity in our legal system is the aspiration to shorten the period of uncertainty created by the voidable contract and to avoid unnecessary legal proceedings when possible.