Tumačenje prema prirodi stvari - prilog sociološkoj teoriji tumačenja prava

Abstract

U ovom radu se izlaže tvrdnja da tumačenje po prirodi stvari, posmatrano u jednoj realističkoj, tj. pragmatičko-naturalističkoj varijanti, u najvećoj mogućoj meri potvrđuje sociološku teoriju tumačenja prava, koju smo formulisali u nekim ranijim radovima. Gledano iz tog ugla, tumačenje po prirodi stvari zapravo pruža dodatnu i ubedljivu argumentaciju o potrebi fokusiranja na premisu činjeničnog stanja u pravcu dubljeg razumevanja prirode jurističkog zaključka i postupka tumačenja prava. Najpreciznije, tumačenje po prirodi stvari, onako kako se izlaže u ovom radu, osnažuje pristup koji ukazuje na sociološku prirodu postupka tumačenja prava, kada se interpretacija prava odvija kao ispunjavanje sadržinom trebanja iz opšte pravne norme polazeći od činjenica slučaja tumačenja.

Interpretation by the nature of things most of the authors in the field of legal hermeneutics view in the manner of Bidlinsky, Larense and Canaris. This approach is largely paradoxical because in explaining the examples from legal practice it fails to sustain and survive the idealistic understanding of the category of 'things' that come from the philosophy of law. To paraphrase Horacio, who says that 'we can impose on nature by force, it always returns' (expellas naturam furca tamen usque recurret), we will primarily state the following (1) any discussion on the interpretation must by the nature of things start or finally always ends up with the realistic definition of the category of 'things' within the formula of the 'nature of things'. This further means that (2) only when the essence of the 'things' is examined through the lens of facts (realist, naturalistic) the formula 'about the nature of things' gains a dimension of a relevant hermeneutical instrument. Also, (3) realistic understanding of 'things' - that arises, not so much by the power of a theoretical paradigm as much as the by the needs of legal practice - make the interpretation by the nature of things look as a sociological analysis where it manifests itself as the fulfillment of needing from a legal norm, or filling legal gaps, starting from typical, ordinary or usual state of social relations expressed through the interpretation of the facts of the case. Accordingly, also on the level of discussion on the interpretation of the nature of things (4) the sociological theory of interpretation of the law confirms itself whereby it views the procedure of interpretation of law as primarily an inductive logic operation, when favoring small premise of the juristic conclusion (working on the facts) and where the explanation of the facts of the case (which is inserted between the establishment of facts and qualifications of facts) emerges as a key criterion of interpretation of legal norms.