Nove metode i kompjuterski sistemi u savremenoj kriminalistici

Abstract

Kriminalistika ima ključnu ulogu u istraživanju i rešavanju problema suprostavljanja kriminalitetu. Kao i druge nauke, kriminalistika svoj zadatak rešava upotrebom specifičnih metoda. U članku se analizira nekoliko važnih načina na koje savremena nauka pomaže ostvarivanju kriminalističkih zadataka. Autor piše o kompjuterskim sistemima za profilisanje učinilaca krivičnih dela i analizi slučaja, registrovanju, klasifikaciji i komparaciji tragova otisaka prstiju (AFIS), tragova stopala i tragova vatrenog oružja. Međunarodna policijska saradnja je danas veoma važna i u radu se analizira uloga evropske policije (EUROPOL). U poslednje vreme se tranzicija dostignuća od klasične nauke do forenzičkih disciplina odvija veoma brzo. Postoje mnoge tehničke metode i instrumenti koji se upotrebljavaju u klasičnoj nauci i koji bi se uspešno mogli adaptirati za primenu u kriminalistici, ali u opštem smislu, njihova primena zavisi od svesti i interesovanja kako aktera nauke i kriminalistike, tako i od raspoloživih finansijskih sredstava.

Criminalistics plays an important role in investigating and solving problems related to fighting crime. Like any other science, criminalistics resolves its tasks by using specific methods of scientific investigation. The few important ways in which contemporary science helps crime detection are analyzed in this work. Author writes about computer systems for profiling and case study, registering, classifying and comparing fingerprints (AFIS) footwear prints and traces of firearms (firearms investigation and identification - forensic ballistics). International police cooperation is today very important and the role of European police (EUROPOL) are too analyzes in this article. In the last time the transition from pure science to forensic science is very fast. There are many techniques and instruments being used in the pure sciences that could be usefully adapted to the field of criminalistics, but generally, their application depends on the awareness and interest of people who are involved in both fields and also upon the financial resources available to law enforcement agencies.