Uticaj prestanka ugovora na stečeno pravo svojine pribavioca i trećeg lica u srpskom pravu

Abstract

Predmet ovog rada je ispitivanje opravdanosti primene načela kauzalne tradicije u situaciji kada ugovor kao osnov sticanja prestane da postoji, nakon što je došlo do predaje/upisa u registar nepokretnosti, te i njegov uticaj na položaj trećih lica na koja je sporno pravo svojine preneto. Gotovo je jednoglasno prihvaćeno stanovište da opstanak prava svojine trećeg lica zavisi od njegove savesnosti. Tu počinje, ali se, uglavnom, i završava odgovor na to pitanje. Na njega se stavlja tačka bez dalje analize. Međutim, pitanja se otvaraju, a nelogičnosti nameću same. Prvo, kako se shvata savesnost trećeg lica, odnosno, kada je on savestan, a kada ne? Drugo, u kom trenutku se ispituje savesnost trećeg? Treće, po nama je najinteresantnije, a možda i najbitnije pitanje da li je uopšte savesnost trećeg bitna za opstanak već stečenog prava.

It is indisputable that the principle of causal tradition can be applied at the time of acquisition of ownership. Also, in case of delivery/registration based on non-existent/invalid contract, it will be indisputable obligation of the acquirer to return the thing i.e. it will be followed by removal of the entered right in the register. The same will be in the case when the termination of the contract occurred after delivery/registration, but only if the acquirer did not transfer its ownership. However, if the legal ground - the contract has ceased to exist after registration and ownership transferred to a third party, the situation changes significantly. The scene has been entered by a person who has fulfilled the conditions and thus has become the owner. Termination of the contract as the basis for the acquisition of his predecessor, despite the principle of causal tradition, cannot affect the acquired rights of third parties. A widely accepted view of good faith of the third party as a criterion for determining the impact of contract termination to the acquired ownership is considered absolutely unacceptable.