O nekim razlikama između trgovinske i investicione arbitraže

Abstract

Razlike trgovinske i investicione arbitraže tokom poslednje decenije značajno zaokupljaju pažnju pravne nauke i prakse. Faktor koji naročito otežava proučavanje razlika trgovinske i investicione arbitraže jeste okolnost da je i sama klasa investicionih arbitraža veoma heterogena, jer pravni osnov spora između ulagača i države može biti različit: direktan ugovorni odnos ulagača i države, međunarodni investicioni sporazum, unutrašnji propis o zaštiti ulaganja itd. U ovom radu autor predstavlja i razmatra nekoliko odabranih tačaka razlikovanja navedene dve vrste arbitraže, i to: zaključenje arbitražnog sporazuma, merodavno materijalno pravo, princip javnosti, odnosno nejavnosti postupka i kontrolu, priznanje i izvršenje arbitražne odluke. Zaključuje se da su izložene razlike posledica prilagođavanja procesnopravnog okvira posebnostima ulaganja kao pravnog posla, ali i da te razlike mogu imati značajanuticaj na ishod spora. Zato je potrebno izboru merodavnog arbitražnog mehanizma rešavanja investicionih sporova pristupiti sa dužnom pažnjom i oprezom.

Over the last decade, the differences between commercial and investment arbitration have been in the focus of attention of both scholars and practitioners. Particular challenges in approaching this matter stem from the fact that investment arbitration alone is a very diversified category, since investment disputes may arise from various legal grounds: direct contract between teh investor and the State, international investment treaty, internal regulations on investment protection, etc. This paper presents and analyzes several points of divergence between commercial and investment arbitration: conclusion of the arbitration agreement, applicable substantive law, the principles of transparency or privacy and the control over the arbitral award. It may be concluded that the said differences are caused by the aspiration to better adapt the rules of arbitration procedure to the specificities of investment as a legal transaction. On the other hand, these differences may have a significant impact on the outcome of the dispute, so it is highly advisable to exercise special attention and due care when opting for a specific arbitral mechanism for resolution of investment disputes.