Formiranje pravne terminologije kod Srba u XIX veku

Abstract

Uspešnim ustancima na početku XIX veka srpski narod je obnovio svoju državu, povratio samostalnu crkvu i počeo da uspostavlja svoje obrazovne i kulturne institucije. Zbog toga je bilo neophodno stvoriti i zvanični književni jezik, uključujući i odgovarajuću pravnu terminologiju. Tek iz perspektive ovih revolucionarnih promena i analizom novouspostavljenjih istorijskih i sociopolitičkih okvira, može se razumeti značaj ostvarenja dva važna kulturna poduhvata za srpski, ali i druge južnoslovenske narode (Hrvate i Slovence) – oba nastala u Beču i međusobno veoma povezana: Književno-jezički dogovor iz 1850. i Pravno-politički rečnik austrijskih Slovena iz 1853. godine (Juridischpolitische Terminologie für die slawischen Sprachen Oesterreichs: Deutsch-kroatische, serbische und slowenische Separat– Ausgabe). Mada je u nauci i dalje sporno koliki je bio njihov stvarni doprinos u uzgradnji jezika ovih naroda, pobedom Vukove reforme (1847), oličenom Bečkim dogovorom (1850), srpski narod je zasigurno uspostavio osnove svog književnog jezika. Time je utemeljen jedan od najvažnijih međaša u istorijskom sledu koji je ovaj narod vodio od stvaranja sopstvenog jezika i svoje nacije, do samostalne države i odgovarajućeg pravnog poretka. Neophodan preduslov za to bilo je formiranje precizne pravne terminologije, bilo na osnovama govornog narodnog jezika, stvaranjem odgovarajućih kovanica ili doslovnim prevodom sa drugih evropskih jezika (uglavnom nemačkog).

From the early XIX century, the Serbian people has renewed through successful uprisings its state, regained independent Church and began to establish their own educational and cultural institutions. To this aim it was necessary to establish the official literary language, including appropriate legal terminology. Only from the perspective of these revolutionary changes and analysis of historical and socio-political framework, one can understand the importance of achieving two important cultural endeavor in Serbian and other South Slavonic people (Croats and Slovenians) – both in Vienna and came highly related to each other. The first one was Literary and linguistic Agreement achieved in 1850, and the second was Legal and Political Vocabulary for Austrian Slavs published in 1853 (Juridisch-politische Terminologie für die slawischen Sprachen Oesterreichs: Deutsch-kroatische, serbische und slowenische Separat– Ausgabe). Although it is still disputable what was their actual contribution to the language formation of South Slavonic nations, with victorious Vuk Karadžić’s reform (1847), represented by Vienna Agreement (1850), the Serbian people certainly established the basis of their official language. This is one of the most important milestones in the historical sequence that led these people from forming their own language and their own nation, to an independent state and a proper legal order. A necessary precondition for such development was the creation of accurate legal terminology, whether by speaking the vernacular language, by composing appropriate new words or by verbatim translations from other European languages (mainly German).