Pravno neosnovano obogaćenje u srpskom pravu

Abstract

Рад је усмерен на утврђивање правне природе правно неоснованог обогаћења у српском праву. Најпре се разматра назив овог института, потом историјски развој његова два основна елемента – кондикције и тужбе de in rem verso. На крају се анализирају важеће норме правно не- основаног обогаћења у српском праву и закључује да је њима регулисана општа тужба из неоснованог обогаћења, одређене врсте кондикција, као и тужба de in rem verso.

The aim of the paper is to examine the legal nature of the unjust enrichment in the law of Serbia. The author first considers the title of the institute and concludes that the legally unjust enrichment is the most appropriate term. In the following chapter briefly given is the history of two constitutional elements of the unjust enrichment – condictio and actio de in rem verso, beginning from the Roman law, to glossators’ and postglossators’ work and different perceptions of these institutes in the Prussian, Austrian, French and German legal history. Finally given is the regulation of the unjust enrichment in the Serbian legal history and the valid Law of Contract and Torts, as well as a brief review of the Draft of the future Serbian Civil Code. In the valid Serbian law of unjust enrichment present are main characteristics of both elements condictio and actio de in rem verso. It is a justifiable conclusion that the Law of Contract and Torts in art. 210 contains a general action for prevention of enrichment. Besides the cases of condictio and actio de in rem verso, this article includes certain cases which do not belong to these remedies (condictio and actio de in rem verso) but they undoubtedly do represent unjust enrichment. With certain departures, it can be said that the scope of application of conditions is in limitations set by Justinian law. On the other hand, Serbian actio de in rem verso in comparison to the one in the Roman law, has practically nothing in common. Its formulation in art. 217 and 218 of the Law of Contract and Torts is similar to the actio de in rem verso given in art. 1041 and 1042 of the Austrian Civil Code.