Prava pacijenata u Srbiji: staro vino u novoj boci?

Abstract

Autorka je u ovom tekstu kritički predstavila rešenja novog srpskog Zakona o pravima pacijenata, a pre svega ona koja se tiču položaja i ovlašćenja savetnika za zaštitu prava pacijenata. Poštovanje prava pacijenata na samoodređenje smatra se danas osnovnim pravnim i etičkim principom koji vlada u ovoj oblasti. Pravo na samoodređenje se može definisati kao sposobnost svake osobe da samostalno donosi sve odluke koje se tiču njenog života i zdravlja pod uslovom da je pristanku na medicinsku intervenciju prethodila potpuna informacija o svim posledicama takve odluke. Konvencija Saveta Evrope o ljudskim pravima i biomedicini, zakonodavstvo Srbije, uporedno pravo, kao i medicinski etički kodeksi, jednoglasno zahtevaju od lekara da takvu saglasnost pacijenta pribavi pre bilo kakvog medicinskog postupka. Kada su u pitanju deca koja nemaju sposobnost za davanje saglasnosti za medicinsku intervenciju, odgovarajući pristanak biće pribavljen od zakonskog zastupnika, ali se u svakom slučaju mora uzeti u obzir mišljenje maloletnika, u skladu sa godinama i zrelošću deteta o kome je reč.

The author has given the critical review of the solutions contained in the new Serbian Law on Patients’ Rights concerning the position of advisor for the protection of patients’ rights and other adequate protection mechanisms. In a medical context, respect for a patient’s autonomy is considered to be a fundamental legal and ethical principle. Autonomy can be defined as the ability of the person to make his or her own decisions. In public health, the concept of autonomous decision making is related to informed consent. The Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, Serbian legislation and comparative law – as well as all medical and research codes of ethics – now hold that physicians and researchers must obtain the informed consent of patients and research subjects before undertaking procedures. Where, according to the law, a minor does not have the capacity to consent to an intervention, the intervention may only be carried out with the authorization of his or her representative or an authority or a person or body provided for by law. Nevertheless, the opinion of the minor shall be taken into consideration as an increasingly determining factor in proportion to his or her age and degree of maturity.