Osnovna značenja pojma causa u rimskom pravu

Abstract

Појам каузе у римском праву одликује се многозначношћу. Упркос томе, може се издвојити неколико основних значења: 1) кауза као прав- ни основ стицања стварног права (causa adquirendi), 2) кауза као раз- лог склапања правног посла о коме се водило рачуна код манумисије и трансакција међу супружницима и 3) кауза као извор облигација. С дру- ге стране, за разлику од модерних теоретичара римски правници нису употребљавали термин causa у значењу разлога настанка уговорне оба- везе. Питање настанка контрактне обавезе они су постављали код не- именованих уговора и закључили да је то извршење обавезе друге стране.

Тhe term causa in Roman law was used in several basic meanings which had in common that they referred to the cause of the emergence of a certain phenomenon. Thus there are: 1. causa as a legal basis for the acquisition of a property right (causa adquirendi) which explained the cause of a property transaction, 2. causa as the reason of a legal transaction which was reflected in an economic or a social purpose which was taken into account in the case of manumission or in the case of a transaction between spouses and 3. causa as the source of an obligation which, according to Gaius, may be bipartite (contracts and delicts) i.e. tripartite (contracts, delicts and miscellaneous group of various forms of causa (variae causarum figurae)) and in Justinian’s law they may be quadripartite (contracts, delicts, quasi-contracts and quasi-delicts). On the other hand, Roman jurists, unlike contemporary law, did not use the term causa to denote the cause of a contractual obligation. However, they dealt with the cause of a contractual obligation primarily in the case of innominate contracts where the cause of one party’s obligation was considered to be the fulfillment of another party’s obligation.