Rodna neravnopravnost u politici - slučaj Srbije

Abstract

Bitna karakteristika političkih procesa poslednjih decenija jeste porast broja žena na mestima odlučivanja. Žene su danas, više nego ikada u prošlosti, ušle zajedno sa muškarcima u javnu sferu politike, dospele do izbornih položaja i zauzele značajno mesto na lestvici političke moći. Autor polazi od činjenice da se ti procesi u Srbiji odvijaju na protivrečan način. Uprkos formalno-pravnim mogućnostima priznavanja političkih prava ženama i načelu zabrane diskriminacije, nije prestala da postoji „piramidalna zakonitost“, po kojoj, sa porastom količine moći i nivoa odlučivanja, opada učešće žena u javnom i političkom životu. Iz ovako definisanog okvira problema autor je nastojao da osvetli sledeća tri pitanja: (1) Pravnopolitički status žena „de iure” i „de facto“, (2) Rodni stereotipi i slika žena u politici, i (3) Demokratska tranzicija i ženska politička prava u Srbiji. Njegov zaključak je da je Srbija poslednjih godina učinila značajne korake u sprečavanju političke diskriminacije žena. Međutim, uprkos normativnom okviru, visokim standardima i deklarativnoj retorici o ravnopravnosti žena u politici, još uvek se susrećemo sa pojavama njihove neravnopravnosti i diskriminacije.

Increase in the number of women at the decision-making places is the main feature of political processes in the last decades. Today women are, more than ever in the past, essential part of the political sphere; they win elective positions and occupy important places in the hierarchy of political power. According to the author, these processes in Serbia take place at the contradictory way. In spite of legal and political possibilities, which guarantee political rights to the women and in spite of prohibition of gender discrimination, there is still the so-called „piramidal law“ by which, with increasing amount of the power and level of decision-making, decreases participation of women in public and political life. On the basis of such defined problem the author sheds light on the following questions: (1) legal and political status of women „de jure“ and „de facto“; (2) gender stereotypes and the image of women in politics; (3) democratic transition and political rights of women in Serbia. The author concludes that Serbia has made significant progress in the field of prevention of political discrimination against women. However, in spite of legal framework, high standards and declarative retoric on equality of the women in politic there is still unequality and discrimination.