„Budućnost“ Kjoto protokola i stanje u Srbiji

Abstract

Protokol iz Kjota uz Okvirnu konvenciju Ujedinjenih nacija o promeni klime (The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) dodatak je međunarodnom sporazumu o klimatskim promenama, potpisan sa ciljem smanjivanja emisije ugljen-dioksida i drugih gasova koji izazivaju efekat staklene bašte. Bilo je neophodno da kao izuzetno značajan bude usvojen od strane što većeg broja država. Navedena zamisao nije u potpunosti ostvarena. Sjedinjene Američke Države kao jedan od najvećih zagađivača nisu ga ratifikovale. Problemi su postojali i u stavovima drugih zemalja pri konferencijama koje su usledile. Sa druge strane postoje i pozitivni primeri nerazvijenih zemalja, recimo primer Kosova i Metohije.

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is occurring and it is extremely likely that human-made CO2 emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997 and entered into force on February 16, 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The US signed the Protocol on 12 November 1998, during the Clinton presidency. To become binding in the US, however, the treaty had to be ratified by the Senate, which had already passed the 1997 non-binding Byrd-Hagel Resolution, expressing disapproval of any international agreement that did not require developing countries to make emission reductions and “would seriously harm the economy of the United States”. The resolution passed 95–0. Therefore, even though the Clinton administration signed the treaty, it was never submitted to the Senate for ratification. As of 2016, the US is the only signatory that has not ratified the Protocol. The US accounted for 36% of emissions in 1990. As such, for the treaty to go into legal effect without US ratification, it would require a coalition including the EU, Russia, Japan, and small parties. A deal, without the US Administration, was reached in the Bonn climate talks held in 2001.