Obavezna medijacija pre pokretanja parničnog postupka : srpski Zakon o parničnom postupku i stavovi Evropskog suda za ljudska prava

Abstract

Zakon o parničnom postupku koji je usvojen 2011. godine ostaće zapamćen, između ostalog, i po propisivanju obaveze pokušaja mirnog rešenja spora pre pokretanja parničnog postupka protiv Republike Srbije, jedinice teritorijalne autonomije i jedinice lokalne samouprave. Pokušaj mirnog rešenja spora pre pokretanja parničnog postupka kao uslov za pokretanje parničnog postupka pre donošenja zakona iz 2011. godine nikada nije bio propisan odredbama Zakona o parničnom postupku. Pojedine odredbe o tome su postojale u posebnim zakonima i nisu izazivale veću pažnju javnosti. Kada je takva odredba uneta u Zakon o parničnom postupku, to je izazvalo brojne kiritike, koje su se pozivale na uskraćivanje prava na pristup sudu, na diskriminaciju i slično. Kritikovana odredba Zakona o parničnom postupku je izmenjena 2014. godine, ali je pitanje dopuštenosti ograničavanja prava na pristup sudu putem propisivanja obavezne medijacije i dalje zaokupljalo pažnju stručne javnosti. O tom pitanju su se izjasnili i Ustavni sud i Evropski sud za ljudska prava, čije stavove u radu analiziramo.

The main focus of this paper was to tackle the limitations on right to access to court in civil matters. Serbian Civil Procedure Code, passed in Parliament in 2011 and entered into force on February 01, 2012, has introduced one of these limitations. Any person that would like to start litigation against Republic of Serbia would have to try to reach friendly settlement with State Attorney’s Office before filing lawsuit. During 60 days period of negotiations with State Attorney’s Office, lawsuit against Republic of Serbia would be considered inadmissible. The purpose of this measure was to avoid long and expensive court proceedings with an intended effect of reducing the number of cases pending before the courts. Although Constitutional Court gave its approval, Ministry of Justice proposed this provision of Civil Procedure Code to be annuled. The reasons for that was to remove the limitations on right to access to court. One year after this provision has been removed from Serbian Civil Procedure Code, European Court for Human Rights, in its judgment rendered in respect of the same provision of Croatian Civil Procedure Code, explicitly stated that such limitation on right to access to court was legitimate and therefor not in violation of Article 6(1) EHRC.