Osvrt na neke novine u Zakoniku o krivičnom postupku Srbije

Abstract

U radu se izlažu neke od promena u Zakoniku o krivičnom postupku Srbije, pri čemu se autor posebno fokusira na uslovljeni oportunitet krivičnog gonjenja, kao deo širenja tzv. diverzionih procesnih mehanizama i sporazum o priznanju krivice, ali analizira i neke druge procesne institute i mehanizme, nastale ili modifikovane poslednjim, prilično velikim, promenama osnovnog izvora krivičnog procesnog prava Srbije. U radu se iznosi stav da su razlozi za žalbu protiv presude drugostepenog suda suviše radikalno suženi, isto kao što je i prilično radikalno smanjen broj vanrednih pravih lekova. U radu se zapaža da se u Srbiji ponekad čuju i sasvim neargumentovane tvrdnje da su mnoge promene u pozitivnom ZKP-u, proizišle iz korišćenja rešenja sadržanih u Zakoniku o krivičnom postupku iz 2006. godine. To uglavnom nije tačno. Samo relativno ograničen broj rešenja iz tog Zakonika je korišćen, poput onih veoma pozitivnih, kao što je mogućnost proširenja određenih ograničenja lične slobode, kao efikasne zamene za pritvor, kao svakako najrepresivniju meru procesne prinude, mogućnost kombinovanja jemstva sa takvim merama itd. Posebno, ne treba zaboraviti da su, prema odredbama tog Zakonika, postojala tri vanredna pravna leka, a da je u stvari i četvrti nekada postojeći vanredni pravni lek - zahtev za ispitivanje zakonitosti pravnosnažne presude bio u najvećem delu sadržan u okviru zahteva za zaštitu zakonitosti, te da je taj od strane Advokatske komore mnogo napadan Zakonik, što je uglavnom činjeno paušalno i bez jakih argumenata, omogućavao ulaganje žalbe protiv presude drugostepenog suda u čak četiri slučaja. Takva je žalba bila moguća, kako iz svih onih razloga koji su i inače (pre poslednjih promena), bili osnov za žalbu u trećem stepenu, tako i uvek kada je drugostepeni sud, nakon dva ukidanja prvostepene presude, sam svojom presudom odlučio o predmetu krivičnog postupka.

Some of the changes in the Criminal Procedure Code of Serbia, where the author is specially focused on the required opportunity of the criminal prosecution as a part of broadening of the so called diversion processing mechanisms and the agreement on guilt recognition, but also analyzes some other processing institutes and mechanisms, resulted or modified by rather big changes of the basic origin of the criminal processing law of Serbia. The attitude, presented during the work that reasons for complaint against the second degree court verdict are too radically narrowed, in the same manner as too radically reduced number of extraordinary legal remedies is. It has been noticed during the work that some absolutely non-argumented allegations are heard that many changes in the positive Criminal Procedure Code ensued from the usage of decisions defined by the Criminal Procedure Law of 2006. This, essentially is not correct. Only relatively limited number of decisions from that Code are used, those very positive ones, such as the possibility of broadening of certain personal freedom limits, as an efficient substitution for arrest, this being the most repressive measure of the processing compulsion, the possibility of combining of assurance with the mentioned measures etc. It should not be forgotten that, on basis of the provisions of that Code, there were three extraordinary legal remedies and that the fourth, once existing extraordinary legal remedy - request for examination of legitimacy of the verdict in effect was mostly within the contents of the request for legitimacy protection and that the mentioned very much criticized Code by the Bar Chamber, which was generally performed without any strong argumentation, enabled submitting claims against the verdict issued by the second degree court even in four cases. Such claim was possible to be raised due to all the reasons which (before the last changes) represented the ground for the third degree claim and always in cases when the second degree court, after the two revokes of the first degree verdict, decided by its verdict about the subject of the criminal procedure.