Srpski građanski zakonik i odredbe o prisvajanju divljih životinja - recepcija izvornog rimskog prava

Abstract

Rad predstavlja romanistički prilog istraživanju neposrednog uticaja izvornog rimskog prava na srpsku kodifikaciju građanskog prava i ublažavanju preoštrih ocena koji su izrečene na račun Srpskog građanskog zakonika iz 1844. godine i njegovog tvorca Jovana Hadžića. Osim toga, cilj ovog rada je da se široj čitalačkoj publici, koji nisu romanisti, približi bogato i vredno rimsko nasleđe. Poređenjem odgovarajućih paragrafa Srpskog građanskog zakonika koji se odnose na sticanje svojine prisvajanjem divljih životinja sa svojim uzorom i izvornikom Austrijskim građanskim zakonikom iz 1811. godine, s jedne strane, i s onim što su nam u nasleđe ostavili rimski pravnici, s druge strane, može se dokazati da je Jovan Hadžić dobro poznavao i umešno koristio tekstove klasičnih rimskih pravnika, pre svega Gaja, te da je na taj način u Srpski građanski zakonik uneo izvorno rimsko pravo.

The Serbian Civil Code (SCC) was enacted in 1844, 33 years after its famous model, the Austrian Allgemeines burgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB). SCC is usually considered a summarized version of the ABGB and essentially its unsuccessful copy. This consideration seems harsh and oversimplified. The author analyzes the SCC provisions relating to occupation of wild animals, and shows that the drafter of the Serbian codification, Jovan Hadžić, neither translated, nor borrowed the provisions of the ABGB. Hadžić was strongly influenced by classical Roman jurists, especially Gaius, and was obviously impressed by their clear, comprehensible language and style. Hadžić’s language is extremely similar to that of Gaius (D.41.1.1-5). The techniques he used are characteristic of Roman lawyers (giving examples, cases like the one presented in D.41.1.44, direct speech, etc.). Drawing upon the ancient Roman law and its casuistry, Hadžić drafted the provisions which were down to earth and close to ordinary people. Thus, he conducted a very important edifying mission for the ordinary readers, who were left with a low level of legal culture after a long period of Ottoman rule.