Šesta državna reforma u Belgiji - novi, ali ne i poslednji stadijum devolucije

Abstract

Ustav Belgije iz 1831. jedan je od najstarijih važećih ustava u svetu, poznat po tome što je ostao na snazi uprkos promeni državnog uređenja. Počev od 1970, u Belgiji je sprovedeno ukupno šest državnih reformi, a ta monarhija se od centralizovane unitarne države pretvorila u decentralizovanu federaciju. Pritisci za dalju devoluciju su sve jači, a među značajnim delom pripadnika flamanske zajednice postoje jasno izražene težnje za otcepljenjem od Kraljevine Belgije i formiranjem sopstvene države. Ovaj rad u prvom delu ukratko prikazuje pet ranije sprovedenih reformi ustavnog sistema, u drugom analizira izmene koje su 2011. dogovorene političkim sporazumom (tzv. Leptirovim sporazumom), a sprovedene u šestoj državnoj reformi krajem 2013, kao i moguće epiloge državne krize, koja traje gotovo celu deceniju.

Belgian Constitution of 1831 is one of the oldest constitutions in the world which is still in force. It is well known for having remained in force despite the change of organization of state - from unitary to federal. Starting from the 1970s, six state reforms were conducted in Belgium, and the monarchy was transformed from centralized unitary state into a decentralized federation. Pressures for further devolution are getting stronger, and some of the members of the Flemish community have clearly expressed their desire for independence from the Kingdom of Belgium and the establishment of their own state. This paper in its first part analyzes five previously conducted reforms of Belgian constitutional system. The second part deals with changes agreed in so-called Butterfly agreement and implemented in sixth state reform. In the end, author is trying to anticipate possible epilogues of state crisis, which takes almost a decade.